Economies above a certain threshold of economic advancement are, as a rule, monetised: they have a significant monetary depth, measured by the relative size of bank deposits, and the ownership of shares and bonds, or other financial products. In a highly monetised society, firms grow not only by investing their retained profits but by borrowing from banks (project finance), or issuing bonds, or going public and issuing shares. These business behaviours are regarded as rather recent in some countries where, in the early phases of development, capital stock was gradually built through self-financing. Similarly, previously people bought cars and other high value items when enough money had been saved, whereas now it is common practice to apply for car finance loans, get the cars, and repay the loans long after these events took place. Thus, monetary deepening is a rather natural process that implies behavioural changes: people and businesses open bank accounts, invest their temporary excess liquidity in financial assets, and borrow for their businesses to grow or to smooth personal consumption paths, and so on. Several indicators can measure monetary depth in countries: the number of banks, the size of their assets, the capitalisation of stocks in burses, the share of the financial assets of all assets, or the ratio of the stock of all financial assets in a country against the national income.