Indeed, cross-European comparative analyses of Albertini and Kohli (2013) and Arundel and Ronald (2016) show intergenerational co-residence continues to highly vary by welfare regime and housing system. Social democratic welfare regimes with the highest level of de-commodification are characterised by the lowest share of intergenerational co-residence, in the more commodified liberal welfare state it tends to be somewhat higher in spite of its low cultural acceptance. Conservative welfare regimes are characterised by a level of intergenerational co-residence similar to that observed in liberal welfare regimes. Similar figures of conservative and liberal welfare regimes despite less exposure of the former to commodification, and therefore less severe housing affordability problems, are explained by the relative acceptance of co-residence in conservative countries and rejection of it in the liberal welfare regime. The fact that the liberal UK exhibits the highest level of young adults in shared housing, a less affordable alternative to intergenerational co-residence, provides explanation of the relatively low level of co-residence in the country. As also highlighted by Allen et al. (2004), the SE welfare regime is marked by a very high share of intergenerational co-residence (Arundel and Ronald, 2016).

Mandic’s (2008) valuable contribution to the literature is her study evaluating structural determinants of home-leaving in 28 European countries based on data from 2003, already referred to in Section 2.2.3. Among the wide range of indicators employed she also evaluates the share of young adults in intergenerational co-residence. She found a very similar rate of intergenerational co-residence in SE and CEE, with Czechia falling in the category of NWE countries (ibid, p. 631).