Kováts Bence: The Financialisation of Housing and Housing-related Family Support in Hungary
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4. Housing-related family support in Hungary
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4.1. Family support in Hungarian housing studies
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4.1.1. The transition approach
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4.1.1.1. The state socialist period

4.1.1.1. The state socialist period

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The Hungarian transition approach deals with family support only briefly, but interprets trends in the framework developed by Hegedüs and Tosics (1996), and Stephens, Lux and Sunega (2015) for CEE housing. The phenomenon was discussed by Hegedüs and Tosics (1993, pp. 91–94) through the example of self-build, a form of housing construction realised mostly through the reciprocal labour of the builder’s family. The authors conceptualise self-build as an activity to a large extent based on reciprocity alongside state intervention and market processes also affecting the phenomenon. Though in their early works discussing housing developments in the country, they do not always explicitly apply Polanyi’s concept of the forms of social integration, they pay distinguished attention to self-build as a quasi-market form of housing provision based on family labour (Hegedüs, 1992; Hegedüs and Tosics, 1992b, 1996).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

As expounded in greater detail in Section 2.2.3, according to the transition approach, self-build was restricted in Hungary in the first postwar decades. Later, from the 1970s when the disintegration of the state-socialist system started to be taking place, self-build became an increasingly tolerated quasi-market form of provision amidst conditions of weakening de-commodification represented by decreasing public housing provision, and the lack of market providers. From the 1980s onwards, the state, wrestling with great public debt, turned this tolerated exit strategy into an official housing policy by decreasing public housing construction, and facilitating the self-provision of single-family housing through construction subsidies and preferential loans (Hegedüs, 1992; Hegedüs and Tosics, 1992b, 1993, pp. 91–94, 1996).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

In this way, the rise of familialism or reciprocity in housing provision is associated with the early Hungarian transition during which housing could no more be provided through public housing provision, but not yet supplied by the market. The transition approach has been applied by a couple of other Hungarian researchers discussing the development of self-build during state socialism (Farkas and Vajda, 1988, 1989; Farkas and Székely, 2001).
 
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