5.1.1.3. Global Competence Development in the Participants’ EFL Lessons

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To tap into the practical side of what the participating teachers mean by global competence development, they were asked what they do in their lessons to develop the above-mentioned knowledge, skills, and attitudes in their students. Most of them mentioned discussing diverse, often controversial local and global issues. They reported on different ways of introducing such issues to their students; Áron, Béla and Leo use thought-provoking videos or readings to bring the issue into their class, Emma and Édua try to use materials that are otherwise close to the students’ heart (e.g., songs) to make them interested in the issues, and Hedvig asks them to read the news at home and then initiate a discussion about them. Some of them pointed out that it is not necessarily the teacher who brings up such issues in class, sometimes they just crop up due to their topicality or to the students’ interest in them. Áron, for instance, prefers dealing with topical issues that the students bring up in his classes:
 

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If the students are mature enough (language-wise and intellectually as well), I really like just going with the flow of these magic moments… we have just had the elections for the European Parliament and if someone asked me “Mr. X, have you seen the results of the election?”, then I think I would spend 15 minutes discussing this topic. If it’s in English and it has some positive educational purpose, I can let go of dealing with inversion for a lesson (T/Á-4).
 

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In connection with the discussions, there were teachers who emphasised that even though they really like talking about anything with their students, creating the optimal environment where students can genuinely state their opinion about different matters, is of utmost importance. As Leó put it, he attempts to do so by seating the students “alcoholics anonymous style”, so sitting down “in a circle and talking about their plans for the future and whatever they are interested in” (T/L-7). Tilda also emphasised the usefulness of teaching students how to take a stand and described the speed dating technique (i.e., the students stand up/sit down in pairs and get some time to discuss a question, then, they switch partners and discuss the topic for the same amount of time) she uses to make the students state their opinion about different issues with a partner. Sometimes, she even lets the students express their opinion in Hungarian in her English classes when she believes that the students are not proficient enough to do so in English. Emma complained about the fact that in the secondary school where she teaches, the younger students struggle with stating their opinion and it is difficult to get them to do so. She uses different techniques to encourage them to express their own views and not to give her bookish answers only. She constantly asks them questions and makes them ask questions from each other.

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Áron, Hedvig, Klára, Leó and Szilveszter quite frequently ask their students to make presentations on different topics, a task which is usually preceded by research. Szilveszter, for instance, often takes his groups to the computer lab and asks them to do a group research project. As he saw it, it is important for them “to be able to work in a given time-frame, under pressure” (T/SZ-7). He once asked the students to send him the slides they had been working on at the end of the lesson and they had to present it the next session without being able to modify it before the presentation. The task made them plan and divide tasks and use digital devices in a purposeful way (e.g., work in a cloud). Leó uses student presentations to introduce certain topics, and after a student presents the topic, the others can state their opinion about the issue in structured debates.

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Other student-centred techniques relying on their active participation that the interviewees mentioned were online debating, projects, and role-plays developing students’ intercultural competence. Finally, many of them mentioned that they love being taught by the students about topics they are more knowledgeable about. For example, Édua loves asking her students to bring materials (e.g., songs) which they will later deal with in class. As she put it, it is important to “start off from what they want” and make them part of the decision-making process:
 

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I give them a hand, ask them to take it and let’s go into each other’s world. I believe this is an important attitude, it’s not that I’m omnipotent and I’m the keeper of all secrets… but they have some knowledge, and I have some, let’s add it up because their knowledge is not worth less than mine. It’s important for me to be able to ask questions from them. I often tell them this: Look, teach me, because I don’t know […] I think it makes me authentic and I don’t think it could work against me (T/É-7).
 

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As can be seen from this section, what all the above-mentioned teachers have in common is that they try to use techniques drawing on students’ active participation to make them think about different topics and state their opinion about them.
 
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