7.7. Conclusions and implications

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On the basis of this study of 10 RAs and 10 MA theses, it is safe to assume that the addition of non-cohesive categories increases the reliability of the analysis, but it needs to be added that for the application of the analytical tool it may be enough to rely on the five main types (A: sentence-internal, B: specified by pre- or post-modifier, C: exophoric, D: non-referential, E: non-integral). During the analysis, a number of errors were encountered, especially in student texts, and as one of the implications of this study, this issue will be an input to the next stage of this research.

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As regards the similarities and differences between genres, the analysis provides a valid representation of cohesive reference. The different measures used showed similar results where the two corpora were expected to be alike, while results concerning differences between them matched the observations of the qualitative analysis. The two corpora displayed similarities in the patterns of cohesive chains in their Methodology and Results sections. Considering the types of referring items, apart from personal reference, the two sets of texts use the same ratio of items of the other types (demonstrative and comparative reference). In addition, it was also found that independently of the length of the texts, the papers in both corpora contained about 10–15 long reference chains. On the whole, in MA theses, a lower ratio of reference items and chains contributed to the cohesion of the text. The study has shown that novice writers tend to use more third person singular pronouns while expert writers tend to use demonstratives pointing to the research itself or its results. In their Introductions, MA thesis writers use more linear chains, while chains in RA Introductions tend to be more complex. The other major difference was found in the Conclusion section, which expert writers compose as a separate unit, while thesis writers rely more on the preceding text.
 
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