Gabriella Jenei: Referential Cohesion in Academic Writing • A descriptive and exploratory theory- and corpus-based study of the text-organizing role of reference in written academic discourse
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5. STAGE 1: HALLIDAY AND HASAN’S COHESION ANALYSIS: THE STARTING POINT
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5.1. Introduction

5.1. Introduction

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Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) taxonomy has been used by many researchers in the past decades, and it is still the basis of several recent pieces of research and provides a common ground for research in various fields related to discourse analysis.

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In the field of English Language Teaching (ELT), it has been used for analyzing the quality of texts produced by students, and in research related to reading comprehension. Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) taxonomy has been used for researching discourse features in the past decades, and it still provides a common ground for research in various fields related to discourse analysis. In the field of English Language Teaching (ELT), it has been used for analyzing the quality of texts produced by students and in research related to reading comprehension. Using Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) taxonomy, research shows, that text cohesion positively affects text comprehension (Salmani-Nodoushan, 2007). The taxonomy has had its effect on teaching materials (see Mahlberg, 2006) and has been used in the evaluation of student essays (e.g., Neuner, 1987; Chen & Cui, 2022).

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In the field of psycholinguistics, Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) taxonomy has been used to compare normal and language-disordered people’s use of cohesion. To mention a few: a study examining the discourse cohesion in young normal, language impaired and autistic children (Baltaxe & D’Angiola, 1992) used Halliday and Hasan’s approach to identify the participants’ strategies to establish cohesion, while in another study (e.g., Mentis & Prutting, 1987; Garrod & Sanford, 1994) the cohesion in the discourse of normal adults and adults who have suffered head-injuries was compared in conversations and narratives. In addition, Cohesion Analysis (Halliday & Hasan, 1976) provides a common ground for computational linguistics. The taxonomy has been applied for reference-resolution (Williams et al., 1996). In corpus annotation (UCREL Anaphoric Treebank) a wide range of anaphoric and cohesive features based on the typology of Halliday and Hasan (1976) have been applied to help encode items, including the type of relationship and the direction of reference (McEnery et al., 1997).

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This list of studies that have used Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) taxonomy could be continued almost endlessly; however, it should be noted that none of the pieces of research above mention results concerning the validation of the instrument used. Ting’s (2003) study is one of the few that raise the question whether the method is valid in all contexts. For this reason, it was necessary to conduct a validation study of the part of Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) cohesion analysis method that deals with reference, to find out if it is applicable for the comparative corpus-based study in this study.
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