Kováts Bence: The Financialisation of Housing and Housing-related Family Support in Hungary
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2. Theoretical foundations
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2.1. The role of family in the economy and society
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2.1.2. The global development of family relations
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2.1.2.1. Demographic changes and the family

2.1.2.1. Demographic changes and the family

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Capitalist transformation brought about a rapid change in the living conditions of families. First, industrialisation and urbanisation changed the pre-industrial pattern of living in extended families. The spread of living in nuclear families reduced the support provided earlier within the extended family to its members. In the post-Fordist era, in highest-income countries the erosion of the norm of living in nuclear families took place and the emphasis shifted to personal fulfilment (Beck, 1992; Lesthaeghe and Moors, 2000; Lesthaeghe, 2010). In the process known as the second demographic transition, departure from the parental home occurred earlier, the age of marriage increased and wedlocks became less stable, signalled by an increase in the number of divorces. At the same time, the rising importance of personal fulfilment also brought about the decrease in fertility. The average number of children given birth by a woman dropped (Lesthaeghe and Moors, 2000; Billari and Liefbroer, 2010; Lesthaeghe, 2010).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Another effect of the second demographic transition is the longer transition of young adults into full adulthood. Research in social psychology has shown that becoming an adult takes a much longer time than earlier. Today, in the highest-income countries an increasing share of young adults can afford to go through a longer period of “emerging adulthood“ characterised by exploration and change offering them the possibility to “gradually arrive at more enduring choices in love, work and worldviews” (Arnett, 2000, p. 479; Vaskovics, 2000, 2014). In the period of “emerging adulthood”, young adults change residence often and pursue their university education in a non-linear way, often interrupting it with work (Arnett, 2000, p. 471).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The effect of the second demographic transition on housing-related parental support is ambiguous. Though the theory suggests that young adults leave the parental home earlier, which would imply the decline of intergenerational co-residence, Billari and Liefbroer’s (2010) study has not confirmed a markedly earlier departure of young adults. At the same time, emerging adulthood goes along with the postponement of gaining financial independence and therefore prolongs dependence on family support, especially in housing (Christie, Munro and Rettig, 2002; Christie and Munro, 2003; Heath, 2008; Clapham et al., 2010; Green, 2017). That is, whereas at the beginning of capitalist transformation the role of the family weakened, the effect of more recent demographic changes on the support by the family is rather ambiguous.
 
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