2.1.5.3. Materials for Dealing with Global, Local, and Intercultural Issues

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A wide variety of ELT related materials is available today, mostly on the Internet; nevertheless, coursebooks are predominantly used as the basis for language courses (Ur, 2012). Not only are coursebooks designed for language teaching purposes, as Gray (2001) argues, but they are “highly wrought cultural constructs and carriers of cultural messages” (p. 152). Gray observes that globalisation brought about a new trend on the ELT coursebook market which resulted in the fact that now coursebooks “have been subtly deterritorialized” and that they “now resemble each other, not only in terms of glossy design but also in terms of content” (p. 157). The reason for the unification of global coursebooks lies in the fact that publishers tend to provide their material writers with guidelines about desirable and undesirable content (see the discussion about PARSNIP topics in Section 2.1.3.4) and only include content that is regarded as appropriate, or not likely to offend potential buyers (Gray, 2001). Given that publishers are unlikely to publish material that would be potentially upsetting (Gray, 2000, 2001; Thornbury, 1991) i.e., controversial, it hardly comes as a surprise that present-day global ELT coursebooks do not abound in texts and tasks about global (Melliti, 2013) or environmental issues (Jacobs & Goatly, 2000; Rácz, 2019) or about citizenship (Rácz, 2020). Coursebooks have been criticised for their “small-mindedness” and “superficiality” (Thornbury, 1999, p. 15), their promotion of stereotypes (Pike & Selby, 1988), romanticized perspectives of English-speaking countries (Banegas, 2011), and their deliberate disregard for the representation of marginalized groups, such as the LMBTQ+ community (Thornbury, 1999; Gray, 2001, 2013; Seburn, 2018). However, there have been some changes in the last few decades and authors started to introduce some controversial topics into their coursebooks (Cutting Edge, Cunningham & Moor, 1998 chapters on euthanasia, gun control, and the decriminalisation of drugs, etc.) (Thornbury, 1999). There are also some new series of coursebooks published to promote the global perspective (e.g., The main mission of National Geographic Learning is bringing the real world into the classroom, which is easily observable in their Keynote (Dummet et al., 2019), Life (Dummet et al., 2017), Outcomes (Dellar & Walkley, 2016), and 21st century reading (Blass & Williams, 2016) series). These books are already available in bookshops but are rarely on the list of recommended textbooks, which does not make them an obvious choice as course material. Teachers, most of whom heavily rely on their coursebooks as a basis for their syllabi, would have an easier job if these topics were included in the coursebooks. Then, they would not need extra preparation and they would not need to worry about the audacious nature of introducing something controversial: if the book introduces it, part of the job is already done, and the teacher is hardly responsible for the content.

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Apart from coursebooks, teachers can use a wide array of materials to introduce global content in their lessons. The most obvious choice is to select authentic materials to this end: articles, videos, podcasts, songs or images, and the list goes on. Nonetheless, they may need to become material writers and create activities around these materials to engage their students. It seems only logical for teachers to start designing activities for their students, as they are the ones who are aware of their students’ needs; however, due to time constraints, they cannot be required to do so. Fortunately, many English teachers are willing to share their materials with fellow teachers and English teaching associations (such as IATEFL or TESOL) play a crucial part in promoting these materials. For example, IATEFL GISIG (Global Issues Special Interest Group) has published a collection of lesson plans around specific global issues and special days, which is available on their website for free (IATEFL GISIG, n.d.). ELT Sustainable also offers worksheets about a variety of global environmental topics, along with professional development tips about education for sustainable development (Llewellyn, n.d.). The ELTons winner ELT Footprint (ELT Footprint, n.d.) site shares projects, materials, and useful tips with its visitors. Finally, the author’s blog, Global Competence Development in ELT (Divéki, n.d.) offers free interactive lesson plans on global issues accompanied by teacher guides.
 
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