József Tóth, László V. Szabó (eds): Übersetzung und kulturelles Gedächtnis – Translation and Cultural Memory
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Translation of Realia and Irrealia in Two Pop-Culture-Related Movies • Nóra Estélyi-Tala, Ildikó Hortobágyi
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7. Problems Arising
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7.1. What counts as realia?

7.1. What counts as realia?

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

This question would look rather easy to reply: names of famous people, politicians, streets, towns or cities, foods, and so on are an obvious answer – but when it came to the listing of realia, it turned out that not every item is that easy to decide on.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Here is the list of the most frequent problematic categories:

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

  1. general nicknames that do not come from one’s proper name, but are generally accepted (Sweetheart, Junior, or Öcskös (something like Junior, or “lil’ bro”), Mazsola (a common endearing nickname, literally, “raisin”);
  2. actual nicknames of particular people that carry a meaning and/or some kind of wordplay;
  3. objects that do exist in the other culture, but for which no word stands for in the TC (ünneplő – elegant clothing worn for official events, usually by school children);
  4. expressions unique to the language, but deriving from its structure, like csókolom (a formal way to greet/bid farewell to elderly people, mainly women, by young people), or bácsi (uncle – when addressing an unknown, usually older person);
  5. contemptuous addressing, like arsehole, or nyálfejű (literally, “saliva-headed”);
  6. idiomatic phrases like misplace your crucial cherry. They might not refer to objects or notions – in many cases, they are not even nouns, but they are culture-specific notions;
  7. puns. They obviously are both language and culture specific, even though they do not usually refer to any culture-bound object or notion;
  8. fictional proper names – characters, titles, notions – but all within the rules of the source language and culture.
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Eventually, all the above categories were included in the analysis, because, although some may not count as realia in the strictest sense, but rather as irrealia, they are connected to the SC, and when encountering these, the translators face very similar kinds of difficulties as in the case of realia.
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