Annamária Kótay-Nagy: DIFFERENTIATING INSTRUCTION WITH TECHNOLOGY IN THE HUNGARIAN EFL CLASSROOM
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2 Theoretical and Empirical Background
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2.2 Technology-Enhanced Differentiated Instruction
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2.2.1 Terminology

2.2.1 Terminology

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The challenges of DI implementation have led to an increased interest in how the approach could be made more feasible for teachers. One area which has been proposed to be explored in this respect is ICT, which, as Blaz (2016) points out, has the potential to “change the face of differentiation” (p. 1). The recognition of the role of technology in DI has led to the emergence of the term ‘technology-enhanced differentiated instruction’ (TEDI), which is already being used in the professional discourse (e.g., Haymon & Wilson, 2020; Jackson, 2023; Maeng, 2016; Ritter, 2018).

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It is important to address here what is exactly meant by ‘technology’ in the context of teaching and learning. As Fekete (2023) points out, there is no single and clear-cut definition, which may be attributed to the ubiquity and diverse use of ICT tools as well as the dynamic nature of technological evolution, which makes the meaning of the term constantly changing. As he argues, most often ICT is not or is only implicitly defined in papers, and what is more often provided are examples of what devices are understood by it, which entails both hardware and software, i.e., both the devices and the programmes run on these devices.

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This is the case with the use of ICT in differentiated teaching as well; while there is no single definition for TEDI, it is generally understood as the principled use of “hardware, software and web resources that support […] teaching and learning while meeting the learning needs and styles of individual students” (Primary Professional Development Service, n.d., p. 19). This broad understanding suggests that virtually any technological tool which has the potential to meaningfully assist DI may fall under the concept, including offline software (e.g., text editor) and online resources (e.g., websites, applications), typically run on hardware such as computers or mobile devices. Common to these tools are certain features of technology that are considered as instrumental in enhancing differentiation. The next section provides an overview of these characteristics.
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