8.6.1. Introduction – the methodological division of legal science
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Harvard
Boros Anita–Koi Gyula (eds) (2025): Sustainability and Law. : Akadémiai Kiadó.
https://doi.org/10.1556/9789636641788Letöltve: https://mersz.hu/hivatkozas/m1353sal_4659/#m1353sal_4659 (2026. 01. 16.)
Chicago
Boros Anita, Koi Gyula, eds. 2025. Sustainability and Law. : Akadémiai Kiadó.
https://doi.org/10.1556/9789636641788
(Letöltve: 2026. 01. 16.https://mersz.hu/hivatkozas/m1353sal_4659/#m1353sal_4659)
APA
Boros A., Koi G. (eds) (2025). Sustainability and Law. Akadémiai Kiadó.
https://doi.org/10.1556/9789636641788.
(Letöltve: 2026. 01. 16.https://mersz.hu/hivatkozas/m1353sal_4659/#m1353sal_4659)
The methodological division1 of legal science is becoming a reality. In practice, this division already exists. Legal science is divided into doctrinal research (Eng. legal doctrine/legal dogmatics; Ger. Rechtsdogmatik; Fr. dogmatique juridique/doctrine) or doctrinal jurisprudence2 and empirical research (empirical jurisprudence).3 In many respects, this is also reflected in the way we think about law. The origins of legal science (in statu nascendi) can already be traced in Ulpian’s conception of law as a studium (lat. studium), as Ulpian/Domitius Ulpianus (AD 170-228), formulated nearly 1800 years ago. [D. 1.1.1.2.]).4 However, it is worth noting that legal science has never been a ’science’ in the sense understood by natural sciences, since the requirement of repeatability cannot be applied to law, because legal cases are never realised in the same way in real-life cases. Nor is this repeatability an expectation or a goal, not even for the most pedantic legal casuistry or case law-system. (At most, perhaps when the last practitioner of legal dogmatics is dead and everything is taken over by legal empiricists). Law is not an experimental science, even if some sociologists propose introducing experiments into law. There is not only one, natural scientific reasoning and methodology; natural scientists are not omniscient, and their methods are not above all others.
| 1 | The manuscript of this sub-chapter was closed at 25.06.2024. The word ‘division’ is used to show and exhibit domestic conditions in the humanist (renaissance) period of Hungarian special/technical and literary culture: Horváth J. (1935). Az irodalmi műveltség megoszlása. Magyar humanizmus. [The distribution of literary culture. Hungarian humanism.]. (Budapest: Magyar Szemle Társaság). 307. ISBN no. The volume analyses the work of István Werbőczy (1458-1541), and the Tripartitum (1517) itself in a meaningful and valuable way, due to the superior knowledge of the era: Horváth (1935) op. cit. 214-228. On the connection and contemporary legal literature of Webőczy’s oeuvre: Lehoczky A. (1798). Index scriptorum publico-politico-juridicorum, In: Kubinyi S., Enchiridon lexici juris inclyti regni Hungariae…opere Tripartito et Kithonichio a S. Stephano protorege, usque ad annum 1782-tum… (Pozsony: Weber Simon Péter). 792-824. ISBN no. |
| 2 | Szabó M., Jakab A. (2015). A jogdogmatikai kutatás, [Legal dogmatic (doctrinal) research], In: Jakab A., Menyhárd A. ( eds.), A jog tudománya. Tudománytörténeti és tudományelméleti írások, gyakorlati tanácsokkal. [The science of law. Writings on the history and theory of science, with practical advice]. (Budapest: HVG-Orac Lap- és Könyvkiadó Kft.). 51-78. ISBN: 978-963-258-258-0 |
| 3 | Jakab A.,Sebők M. (2020). Empirikus jogi kutatások, [Empirical legal research], In: Jakab A., Sebők M. ( ed.). Empirikus jogi kutatások. Paradigmák, módszertan, alkalmazási területek. [Empirical legal research. Paradigms, methodology, areas of application]. (Budapest: Osiris Kiadó – MTA Társadalomtudományi Kutatóközpont). 13-32. Osiris Tankönyvek. [Osiris Textbooks]. Fleck Z., Gajduschek G. (2015). Empirikus kutatás a jogban, [Empirical research in law], In: Jakab A.,Menyhárd A. ( eds.). A jog tudománya. Tudománytörténeti és tudományelméleti írások, gyakorlati tanácsokkal. [The science of law. Writings on the history and theory of science, with practical advice]. (Budapest: HVG-Orac Lap- és Könyvkiadó Kft). 101-131. ISBN: 978-963-258-258-0 |
| 4 | „Huius studii (!) duae sunt positiones, publicum et privatum. Publicum ius est quod ad statum rei Romanae spectat, privatum quod ad singulorum utilitatem: sunt enim quaedam publice utilia, quaedam privatim.” „There are two approaches to this study (!) [of law]: public and private [law]. Public law concerns the state of Roman community, while private law concerns the benefit of individual citizens.” Ulpianus [D. 1.1.1.2.]. On this topic, see Gábor Hamza’s inaugural thesis, as corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences was held in 2004, but it was only published in print in 2014. (Gábor Hamza was elected the ordinary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 2010). Hamza G. (2014). A modern jogrendszerek tagozódása és a római jogi tradíció. Az előadás elhangzott 2004. október 6-án. [The division of modern legal systems and the Roman legal tradition. The lecture was given on October 6, 2004.]. (Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia). 6-6. ISBN: 978 963 508 698 6. Székfoglaló előadások a Magyar Tudományos Akadémián. A 2004. május 3-án megválasztott akadémikusok székfoglalói. [Inaugural lectures at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Inaugural lectures of the academicians elected on May 3, 2004]. URL: https://real-eod.mtak.hu/9771(accessed: 25 June 2024). It is interesting and instructive to review what and which administrative law sources Hamza cites and uses in his argument regarding the division of the legal system. Dicey, A. V. (1915). The Development of Administrative Law in England, Law Quarterly Review 31(1) 148-151. Négrin, J.-P. (1968). La Conseil d’État, et la vie publique en France depuis 1958. (Avec préface Charles Debbasch). (Paris: PUF). 171. ISBN no. Gjidara, M., Drago, R. (1972). La fonction administrative contentieuse. (Paris: LGDJ). iii, 473. ISBN no. Collection Bibliothéque de Science Administrative. Pacteau, B. ( 2008): Traité de contentieux administratif. (Paris: PUF). ISBN: 9782130553281 (ISBN13) ISBN: 2130553281 (ISBN10). Fanachi, P. (1992). La justice administrative. Tribunaux administratifs, cours administratives d’appel, et Conseil d’État. (Paris: PUF). 127. Fourth, revised edition. ISBN: 9782130445517 (ISBN13) ISBN: 2130445519 (ISBN10) Collection Que sais-je? Vol. 1806. Deguergue, M. (2003). Procédure administrative contentieuse. (Paris: LGDJ). 223. ISBN: 9782707613134 (ISBN13) ISBN: 2707613134 (ISBN10). Pacteau, B. (2003). La Conseil d’État, et la fondation de la justice administrative française au 19-ème siècle. (Paris: PUF). xvii, 264. Collection Léviathan. ISBN: 9782130524168 (ISBN13) ISBN: 2130524168 (ISBN10). Odent, B., Truchet, D. ( 2010). La justice administrative. (Paris: PUF). 127. Collection Que sais-je? Second edition. ISBN: 9782130564195 (ISBN13) ISBN: 2130564194 (ISBN10). The sources mainly point to the significant role of English administrative law, the French administrative adjudication, and French administrative litigation, and the Council of State (fr. Conseil d’État) in relation to public law: Hamza (2014) op. cit. 22. fn. 31. , 36-37. |
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