Viktor Bérces: Evidence in Criminal Proceedings
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Chapter IX. Evidence in the preparatory and investigative stages
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9.5. Investigation II: the examining
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9.5.1. General characteristics of the examining

9.5.1. General characteristics of the examining

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The prosecution is in full control of the investigation, so that the role of the prosecutor is no longer limited to the exercise of the right of supervision of the legality of the case or to the instruction of the investigating authorities, as necessary. This division of powers is justified, since the prosecutor essentially prepares his own decisions at this stage, which are taken at the prosecution stage. At the same time, the investigating authority

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

  • independently carry out a procedural act concerning the subject-matter of the suspicion, if there is an urgent reason for doing so or if it is necessarily connected with a procedural act ordered by the prosecution service;
  • independently carry out the procedural act if it does not concern the subject of the suspicion or is aimed at detecting another perpetrator of the offence under suspicion.1
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

During the course of the examining, all the means of evidence and acts of proof discussed in the detection phase may be obtained. However, among the specificities of this phase, the following should be highlighted:

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

  1. there are certain evidentiary acts which presuppose the status of the suspect, and therefore their use can – initially – only take place at this stage of the procedure (e.g. confrontation with the debtor, on-the-spot interviews);
  2. there are coercive measures (e.g. restricting personal liberty subject to judicial authorisation) which are usually also ordered under this section.
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The CPC also regulates the rules of attendance for the investigation phase, as for the discovery phase, on the basis of:

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

  • the suspected person and his or her defence counsel may be present at the hearing of the expert, the inspection, the attempt to take evidence and the presentation for identification, if the procedural act concerns the subject of the suspicion;
  • the defence counsel may be present at the examination of a witness proposed by him or by the suspect he is defending and at the taking of evidence with such witness;
  • the suspect and the defence counsel may exceptionally be omitted: (1) if justified by the urgency of the procedural act; (2) if the interests of the investigation so require or if the protection of the person requiring special treatment cannot be ensured in any other way.2
1 § 392 (3)–(4) para.
2 § 393 (1)–(4) para.
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