Viktor Bérces: Evidence in Criminal Proceedings
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Chapter IX. Evidence in the preparatory and investigative stages
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9.5. Investigation II: the examining
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9.5.3. Evidentiary acts during examining I: on-the-spot interview

9.5.3. Evidentiary acts during examining I: on-the-spot interview

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The investigating authority1 shall interview the suspect and the witness on the spot, if necessary, at the scene of the crime or at another place connected with the crime, thus:

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

  • the suspect or witness can be encouraged to make a statement;
  • the place where the offence was committed or other places connected with the offence can be revealed;
  • some physical evidence can be shown, or
  • it allows authorities to see how the plot unfolds.2
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

In order to justify the order for an on-the-spot interview, the legislator regulates as a “guarantee filter” that the accused or witness must be questioned beforehand about the circumstances in which he or she observed the place, act or evidence in question and how he or she would recognise them.3

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

It is a tactical method of criminal investigation whereby the suspect can already reasonably assume that the investigator has a specific preconception of the commission of the crime. This psychological pressure and the presence at the scene of the crime often lead to confessions or other incriminating evidence.4 It is therefore essentially irrelevant for effectiveness that the subject of the proceedings – in this case – is not actually confronted with a specific person, but only with a specific scene.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Pursuant to the Joint Decree 23/2003 (VI. 24.) of the Ministry of the Interior on the detailed rules of investigation by investigative authorities under the control of the Minister of the Interior and on the rules of recording investigative acts by other means instead of the minutes (hereinafter: the Decree), in justified cases, the ability of the suspect, victim or witness to see, hear and otherwise perceive, as well as any changes in these, must be clarified prior to the on-site interview. The participant may be asked to draw or make a sketch of the scene and the means of evidence there beforehand, which shall be attached to the report.5

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The on-site interview shall be conducted under the same conditions or circumstances as at the time of the original sighting, if the hearing, sighting or other circumstances of the sighting are of particular importance. The suspect, victim or witness shall be interviewed about the circumstances of the sighting prior to the on-site interview.6

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

During the on-the-spot interview, it must be ensured that the suspect, victim or witness involved is able to show independently the route of arrival and departure, the location and position of the scene and the objects and physical evidence belonging to it, as well as the act in question.7

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The record of the on-the-spot interview includes, in addition to the general legal criteria:

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

  • a description of the weather, lighting, environmental and traffic conditions at the time of the investigation, and other circumstances relevant to the case;
  • the direction and method of approach to the place of the investigation;
  • the location of the participants, in particular the situation of the suspect, the victim or the witness, and any changes in this situation;
  • any relevant action, statement or comment made by the participant and the investigating member during the investigative act;
  • the consequences of actions, the discovery of new evidence, related testimony;
  • questions and answers from the member of the investigating body, or
  • the start and end time of the on-site interview. 8
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

A sketch, photograph, video or audio recording of the on-the-spot interview must be attached to the report.9
1 and the prosecution and the court
2 § 208 (1) para.
3 § 208 (2) para.
4 Fenyvesi: A szembesítés büntető eljárásjogi aspektusai. [Criminal procedural aspects of confrontation] ibid. 7–8.
5 Ordinance, § 37
6 Ordinance, § 38 (1) para.
7 Ordinance, § 38 (2) para.
8 Ordinance, § 39 (1) para.
9 Ordinance, § 39 (2) para.
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