Viktor Bérces: Evidence in Criminal Proceedings
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Chapter III. Basic concepts of evidence
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3.1. Levels of interpretation of the concept of proof
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3.1.4. The evidentiary procedure as a specific form of knowledge of the law enforcement authorities

3.1.4. The evidentiary procedure as a specific form of knowledge of the law enforcement authorities

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Evidentiary procedure is a specific process of discovery carried out by law enforcement bodies (e.g. courts, prosecution services, investigative authorities) in order to obtain the relevant facts, data or information necessary to decide a case under their jurisdiction. General characteristics include:

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  • the object of cognition is some past fact or event, which in each case is presented in a concrete way, in its own uniqueness;
  • the body competent to give the decision cannot be a party to or a witness of the event which is the subject of the evidence (temporal and spatial indirectness); this indirectness can be resolved by using means of evidence or acts of evidence;
  • the law enforcement body examines the logical coherence of the evidence and its causal links, including relevant facts that can only be known in a multiply indirect way, through a coherent logical chain of evidence.
 

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There is a lack of uniformity in the literature as regards the definition of the conceptual framework of the evidentiary procedure. Some include only the process of presenting and perceiving evidence in court, while others include the process of gathering and weighing evidence.1 For my part, I believe that the concept of the evidentiary process needs to be interpreted in a broader sense, as it necessarily includes the assessment and weighing of evidence (e.g. in the rejection of certain evidentiary motions).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Overall, the evidentiary process is based on three subsystems: 1. informational subsystem (e.g. testimonies, documents, expert opinions); 2. factual subsystem (human actions that occur during the factual process, such as threats, hiding);2 3. hypothetical subsystem. The hypothesis (preconception) is an intrinsic element of the evidentiary process, a necessary means of “moving the process forward”. If a member of the presiding authority or a judge did not have a preconception of the case,they would hardly be able to carry out their judicial duties effectively. On the other hand, this preconception should not be ‘articulated’, as this would violate the principle of due process (impartiality).
1 Az ítéleti bizonyosság elméleti és gyakorlati kérdései [Theoretical and practical issues of certainty of judgement.] ibid. 16–17.
2 Kertész (1972) ibid. 239.
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