3.5.1. Quality Control Measures

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To put forward valid and credible implications based on the studies of this research project; I had to do everything to ensure the quality of the research. Dörnyei (2007, p. 50) claimed that for quantitative studies, researchers should aim for 1) reliability, 2) measurement validity and 3) research validity. Reliability of the questionnaires was ensured by reliability analyses; Cronbach’s alpha and dimension analysis were run on each construct of both questionnaires, as the reliability of a construct in the learner questionnaire did not automatically mean that the same construct would be reliable as part of the instructor questionnaire. Measurement validity was tested by reliability analyses of the scales as well as by dimension reduction, more precisely, principal component analysis (Dörnyei & Csizér, 2012). Research validity concerns how the researcher conducted and reported on the research project; therefore, questionnaire constructs were designed based on the literature surveyed (Creswell, 2009; Dörnyei, 2003; 2007), and the findings are to be reported in detail without manipulating the instrument or the data collected. As an important and integral part of research validity, those constructs of the questionnaires that might not produce reliable results are excluded from the final analysis.

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As the interview studies fall into the qualitative paradigm, the researcher intended to ensure quality by following the quality control elements of Lincoln and Guba (as cited in Dörnyei, 2007, p. 57), claiming that qualitative studies have to be 1) credible, 2) transferable, 3) dependable and 4) confirmable. An important means of quality control measure that was applied in this study was triangulation, which was ensured by interviewing both Hungarian English majors as well as university EFL teachers about ICT involvement and good practices to put forward implications that emerge from multiple perspectives. 10% of the learner and instructor interview transcripts were re-coded by the researcher a month after the coding procedure finished of all interview transcripts to ensure intra-rater reliability (Baralt, 2012; Creswell, 2009). Inter-rater reliability was ensured by asking a fellow researcher to code 10% of the interview transcripts using the final code system established for the learner and instructor questionnaires to achieve enhanced, inter-rater reliability (Baralt, 2012; Creswell, 2009).

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Quality control also entails reporting on the findings in a way that the selected research method indeed provides answers to the proposed research questions. In addition to handling (e.g., transcribing, analysing, etc.) the data ethically, findings should also confirm that the mixed methods approach managed to produce reliable and valid answers. Focusing on mixed methods studies, quality control will be ensured by presenting the research findings in a way “to demonstrate that the mixed design displays enhanced validity relative to the constituent methods” (Dörnyei, 2007, p. 63). Recommended reporting standards of the statistical calculations of the two questionnaire studies (Dörnyei, 2007; Dörnyei & Csizér, 2012) and the two interview studies (Friedman, 2012; Levitt, 2009) were followed.
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