Imre Fekete: Technology in English teaching • The Hungarian university context
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2. Theoretical and Empirical Background
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2.6. The Hungarian Context

2.6. The Hungarian Context

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

This section is dedicated to introducing the Hungarian educational context briefly (based on Eurydice, 2021), which provides the background of the present research project. In Hungary, it is compulsory to enrol in the educational system up to the end of the school year in which the individual reaches 16 years of age regardless of the stage of education (EU, 2020). It is possible to prolong early childhood care with an additional year, in which case one begins their public education at the age of eight instead of the age of seven. Also, 4- and 6-year secondary grammar school and secondary vocational school education can be prolonged by an additional introductory intensive foreign language learning year special to dual (mother tongue and first foreign language) secondary education.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Additionally, one can enrol in higher education at any age provided they have obtained the necessary school-leaving certificates required for enrolment. With regard to higher education, some bachelor’s and master’s programmes are longer than the typical three and two years, respectively. Teacher education takes place as part of one-tier master’s programmes and their length is optimally five or six years to receive primary and secondary level teaching qualifications, respectively. It is also possible to enrol in a special one-year short cycle Instructor programme popular with foreign languages (e.g., Instruction of English as a foreign language) through which one receives a master’s degree that does not qualify the individual to teach in the public educational system, but in e.g., language schools or other (public or private) institutions. Figure 5 was created to offer a broad overview of the public and higher education system of Hungary starting with the age of three. For clearer references, the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) levels were also added (Eurostat, 2020).
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Figure 5 A Visual Representation of the Hungarian Public and Higher Education System
Note. Based on EU (2020); Eurostat (2020); Eurydice (2021).
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

In the following section, Hungary’s ICT integration initiatives will be discussed. Then a separate subsection is dedicated to recent empirical studies carried out in both the secondary and higher educational contexts.

2.6.1. Towards ICT Integration Into Education in Hungary

2.6.2. Educational Policy Aspects of Teaching and Learning Digital Skills in Hungary

2.6.3. The Hungarian Empirical Background

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