In Islamic ethics, the theologian-jurist,ʿālim is the most prestigious religious authority, whether he intervenes individually or collectively within the framework of juristic councils. Traditionally, the theologian-jurist has two main functions in the hierarchy of authorities in Islam: to produce fatwas,1which gives him an authority on the daily religious affairs of Muslims, for those who accept it unreservedly, and to maintain the tradition, and thus mobilising the legitimacy of the transmitted religious knowledge. It is, therefore, a question of a double authority: that of tradition and that of the sharia. In view of the importance of religion in the identity of many Muslims today, the authority of the Muslim tradition had and still has a significant weight among Muslims both in the Muslim world and the West. This need for religious tradition has created a window of opportunity for the theologian-jurist. Moreover, sharia,2 which is inseparable from the Islamic tradition, has become a subject of permanent debate, and a source of social and political conflicts dominating the space of the private and public life of many Muslims. This creates additional opportunities of action for the theologian-jurist.