Viktor Bérces: Evidence in Criminal Proceedings
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Chaper VI. Continental-type evidence systems today
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6.4. The German model
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6.4.6. Rules of court procedure at first instance under the StPO

6.4.6. Rules of court procedure at first instance under the StPO

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The procedure for the trial at first instance is as follows:

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

  • the court marks the case or establishes the presence of the accused, the defence and the prepared means of evidence (witnesses and experts);1
  • the court warns witnesses and experts of their procedural rights and obligations;
  • the witnesses leave the courtroom and are questioned only in each other’s absence;
  • the accused makes a statement about his personal circumstances;
  • the prosecutor reads the indictment;
  • the court warns the accused of the right to “remain silent”; if he makes a statement, he is then questioned on the merits of the case; the accused must first be given an opportunity to make a coherent statement on the charges against him;
  • the court orders the taking of further evidence: I would like to underline that the law specifically provides for the possibility to cross-examine the parties, under which the questioning is limited to witnesses and experts proposed by the prosecutor, if the president of the court, at the joint request of the prosecutor and the defence, allows them to be questioned; a witness proposed by the prosecutor is questioned first by the prosecutor, and in the case of a witness proposed by the accused, the defence may exercise its right of priority; the president may then, of course, ask any questions he considers necessary (cf: German practice does not use this method, as it still sees the point as being to establish the facts, which is primarily a judicial function; the general view is that the prosecutor and the defence are not sufficiently prepared to “conduct” the questioning of witnesses;2
  • at the end of the evidence, first the prosecutor, then the accused and his/her defence counsel are given the floor to present their arguments and motions (speeches), and then the accused has the right to have the last word;
  • deliberation and voting (secret ballot) takes place;
  • the court pronounces the judgment; this is done by reading the judgment formula and stating the reasons for the judgment. 3
1 The law presumes the presence of a representative of the public prosecutor’s office as a matter of course.
2 Lutz Meyer-Gossner: Strafprozess Ordnung, 47th edition. Munich, Verlag C. H. Beck, 2004, 827.
3 If the judgment is not pronounced at the latest on the 11th day after the end of the trial, the court proceedings must be restarted.
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