Tóth József (szerk.): Nyelv, kultúra, megértés: új kutatási módszerek a humán tudományok területén
›
2. Nyelvhasználat és interkulturalitás
›
Diagnostic assessment of cross-linguistic pronunciation differences of Hungarian secondary grammar school students when reading contemporary literature • Zsolt Gergelics
›
Appendix
›
Transcription of German, English and French words

Transcription of German, English and French words

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Table 1. Transcription of German words representing aspirated long-lag stops and unaspirated short-lag stops in word-initial and word-medial pre-stress and in word-initial unstressed position (participants 1–4)
Participant’s number:
1
2
3
4
1.1. German aspirated long-lag stops
1.1.1. word-initial pre-stress position
Pack
[pak]
[pak]
[pak]
[pak]
Potters
[ˈpottεːs]
[ˈpɔtəs]
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpottεrs]
tuschelte
[ˈtuʃεltε]
[ˈt͡suʃεltε]
[ˈtuʃεltε]
[ˈtuʃʃεltε]
Tüte
[ˈthytε]
[ˈtyːtə]
[ˈtyːtε]
[ˈtyːtε]
1.2. German unaspirated short-lag stops
1.2.1. word-initial pre-stress position
Bäcker (2x)
[ˈbεkεr], [ˈbεkkεr]
[ˈb̥εkɐ]
[ˈbεkkεr]
[ˈbεkkεr], [ˈb̥εkεr]
dieser
[ˈdiːzεr]
[ˈ d̻iːzɐ]
[ˈdiːzεr]
[ˈdiːzεr]
dieses
[ˈdiːzεs]
[ˈdiːzəs]
[ˈdiːzεs]
[ˈdiːzəs]
Donut
[ˈdonut]
[ˈdo:nut]
[ˈd̻oʊˌnʌt]
[ˈdo:nʌt]
ganz
[ɡant͡s]
[ɡant͡s]
[ɡant͡s]
[g̥ant͡s]
1.2.2. word-medial pre-stress position
begegnete*
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡεntε]
[bεˈɡeːʔnεtε]
vergessen
[fεrˈɡεssεn]
[fεɐ̯ˈɡεsn̩]
[fεrˈɡεssεn]
[fεrˈɡεssən]
1.2.3. word-initial unstressed position
begegnete*
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡεntε]
[bεˈɡeːʔnεtε]
bereiteten
[bəˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
[bəˈʁaɪ̯çtεtεn]
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
das1
[das]
[das]
[das]
[das]
dem1(2x)
[deːm]
[deːm], [d̻eːm]
[deːm]
[deːm], [d̻eːm]
der1
[dεr]
[d̻eːɐ̯]
[dεr]
[d̻ε]
die1(2x)
[di]
[di], [d̻eːɐ̯]
[di:], [di]
[d̻i]
doch1
[dɔx]
[dɔx]
[dɔx]
[dɔx]
gehört
[ɡεˈhørt]
[g̥εˈhøːɐ̯t]
[g̥εˈhørt]
[g̥εˈhørt]
Gestalten
[ɡεˈʃtaltεn]
[ɡεˈʃtaltn̩]
[ˈɡεstaltεn]
[ɡεsˈʃtaltεn]
* The word begegnete represents stops in both word-medial pre-stress and word-initial unstressed positions.
The definite articles (der, die, das, dem) and the conjunction doch are despite their monosyllabic character pronounced unstressed in the phrases
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Table 2. Transcription of German words representing aspirated long-lag stops and unaspirated short-lag stops in word-initial and word-medial pre-stress and in word-initial unstressed position (participants 5–8)
Participant’s number:
5
6
7
8
1.1. German aspirated long-lag stops
1.1.1. word-initial pre-stress position
Pack
[pak]
[pak]
[pak]
[pak]
Potters
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpottεrs]
tuschelte
[ˈtuʃεltε]
[ˈtuʃεltε]
[ˈtuʃεltε]
[ˈtuʃεltε]
Tüte
[ˈtyːtε]
[ˈtyːtε]
[ˈtyːtε]
[ˈtyːtε]
1.2. German unaspirated short-lag stops
1.2.1. word-initial pre-stress position
Bäcker (2x)
[ˈb̥εkkεr], [ˈbεkkεr]
[ˈb̥εkkεr], [ˈbεkkεr]
[ˈbεkkεr]
[ˈbεkkεr]
dieser
[ˈdiːzεr]
[ˈdiːzεr]
[ˈdiːzεr]
[ˈdiːzεr]
dieses
[ˈdiːzεs]
[ˈdiːzεs]
[ˈdiːzεs]
[ˈdiːzεs]
Donut
[ˈdo:nut]
[ˈdonut]
[ˈdo:nʌt]
[ˈdo:nʌt]
ganz
[ɡant͡s]
[ɡant͡s]
[ɡant͡s]
[gant͡s]
1.2.2. word-medial pre-stress position
begegnete*
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
vergessen
[fεrˈɡεssεn]
[fεrˈɡεssεn]
[fεrˈɡεs n̩]
[fεrˈɡεssεn]
1.2.3. word-initial unstressed position
begegnete*
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
bereiteten
[bεˈraɪ̯tεt]
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
das1
[das]
[d̻as], [das]
[das]
[das]
dem1(2x)
[deːm]
[deːm], [dem]
[deːm]
[deːm]
der1
[dεr]
[dεr]
[dεn]
[dεr]
die1(2x)
[di]
[di]
[d̻i], [di]
[di]
doch1
[dɔx]
[dɔx]
[dɔx]
[dɔx]
gehört
[g̥əˈhørt]
[g̥εˈhørt]
[gεˈhø:rt]
[gεˈhørt]
Gestalten
[ɡεˈʃtaltεn]
[ɡεˈʃtaltεn]
[ɡεˈʃtaltn̩]
[ɡεˈʃtaltεn]
* The word begegnete represents stops in both word-medial pre-stress and word-initial unstressed positions.
The definite articles (der, die, das, dem) and the conjunction doch are despite their monosyllabic character pronounced unstressed in the phrases.
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Table 3. Transcription of German words representing aspirated long-lag stops and unaspirated short-lag stops in word-initial and word-medial pre-stress and in word-initial unstressed position (participants 9–13)
Participant’s number:
9
10
11
12
13
1.1. German aspirated long-lag stops
1.1.1. word-initial pre-stress position
Pack
[pak]
[phaç]
[pəˈʔak]
[pak]
[pak]
Potters
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpottεrs]
tuschelte
[ˈtuʃεltε]
[ˈtuʃʃεltε]
[ˈtuʃʃεltε]
[ˈtʊʃεltε]
[ˈtuʃεltε]
Tüte
[ˈtyːtε]
[ˈtytε]
[ˈtyːtε]
[ˈtyːtε]
[ˈtyːtε]
1.2. German unaspirated short-lag stops
1.2.1. word-initial pre-stress position
Bäcker (2x)
[ˈbεkεr], [ˈbεkkεr]
[ˈbεkkεr]
[ˈbεkεr]
[ˈbεkkεr]
[ˈbεkεr], [ˈbεkkεr]
dieser
[ˈdiːzεr]
[ˈdiːzεr]
[ˈdiːzεr]
[ˈdiːzεr]
[ˈdiːzεr]
dieses
[ˈdiːzεs]
[ˈdiːzεm]
[ˈdiːzεs]
[ˈdiːzεs]
[ˈdiːzəs]
Donut
[ˈdo:nʌt]
[doˈnu:t]
[ˈdonut]
[ˈdona:t]
[ˈdo:nut]
ganz
[ɡant͡s]
[ɡant͡s]
[ɡant͡s]
[ɡant͡s]
[ɡant͡s]
1.2.2. word-medial pre-stress position
begegnete*
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[ˈbεɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːg̥nεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
vergessen
[fεrˈɡεssεn]
[fεrˈɡεssεn]
[fεrˈɡεssεn]
[fεrˈɡεssεn]
[fεˈg̥εsn̩]
1.2.3. word-initial unstressed position
begegnete*
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
[ˈbεɡeːɡnεtε]
[bεˈɡeːg̥nεtε]
[bεˈɡeːɡnεtε]
bereiteten
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
[bεˈraɪ̯tεtεn]
das1
[das]
[das]
[das]
[das]
[das]
dem1(2x)
[deːm]
[d̻eːm]
[deːm], [dem]
[deːm]
[deːm]
der1
[dεr]
[dεr]
[dεr]
[dεr]
[dεr]
die1(2x)
[di]
[di]
[di]
[di]
[di]
doch1
[dɔx]
[dɔx]
[dɔx]
[dɔç]
[dɔx]
gehört
[ɡεˈhørt]
[ɡεˈhørt]
[ɡεˈhørt]
[ɡεˈhørt]
[g̥əˈhørt]
Gestalten
[ɡεˈʃtaltεn]
[ɡεˈʃaltεn]
[ɡεˈʃtaltεn]
[ɡεˈʃtaltεn]
[ɡεˈʃtaltεtεn]
* The word begegnete represents stops in both word-medial pre-stress and word-initial unstressed positions.
The definite articles (der, die, das, dem) and the conjunction doch are despite their monosyllabic character pronounced unstressed in the phrases
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Table 4. Transcription of English words representing aspirated long-lag stops and unaspirated short-lag stops in word-initial, word-medial pre-stress and in word-initial unstressed positions (participants 1–4)
Participant’s number:
1
2
3
4
2.1. English aspirated long-lag stops
2.1.1. word-initial pre-stress position
caught
[koʊt]
[kʰɑt]
[kɑ:t]
[koʊθ]
passed (2x)
[pεst], [pε:sd]
[pæst]
[pæst]
[pεst], [past]
past
[pεst]
[pɑːst]
[pεst]
[pεst]
people
[ˈpi:pl̩]
[ˈpi:pl̩]
[ˈpi:pl̩]
[ˈpi:pəl]
Potters
[ˈpɑtəz]
[ˈphɑtɚz]
[ˈpodɚz]
[ˈpɒttərz]
tin
[tin]
[tin]
[tin]
[tɪn]
too
[tu:]
[tu:]
[tu:]
[tu:]
2.1.2. word-medial pre-stress position
until
[ʌnˈthɪl]
[ʌnˈthɪl]
[ʌnˈthɪl]
[ʌnˈtɪl]
2.1.3. word-initial unstressed position
collecting
[ˈkollεktɪŋ]
[kəˈlεktɪŋ]
[kəˈlεktɪŋ]
[kəˈlεktɪŋ]
to
[tə]
[tə]
[tə]
[tə]
2.2. English unaspirated short-lag stops
2.2.1. word-initial pre-stress position
back
[bεk]
[bεk]
[b̥εk]
[bεk]
bag
[bεg]
[bæg]
[b̥εg̥]
[b̥εg]
baker’s
[ˈbeɪkəz]
[ˈbeɪkəz]
[ˈbʌkɚz]
[ˈ b̥eɪkɚs]
bunch
[b̥ʌntʃ]
[bʌntʃ]
[b̥ʌntʃ]
[bʌntʃ]
doughnut
[ˈdo:nʌt]
[ˈdoʊnʌt]
[ˈd̻oʊˌnʌt]
[ˈdoʊnʌt]
2.2.2. word-medial pre-stress position
forgotten
[forˈɡɒttεn]
[fɚˈ g̥ʌtn̩]
[foɹˈ g̥ɒtn̩]
[foɹ̠ˈ g̥ʌʔn̩]
about
[əˈb̥aʊt]
[əˈbaʊt]
[əˈb̥aʊt]
[ɒˈbaʊt]
2.2.3. word-initial unstressed position
didn’t
[ˈdɪdənt]
[dɪdˈnʌt]
[d̻ɪdn̩t]
[dɪɾn̩t]
but
[b̥ʌt]
[b̥ət]
[b̥ʌʔ]
[b̥ʌt]
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Table 5. Transcription of English words representing aspirated long-lag stops and unaspirated short-lag stops in word-initial, word-medial pre-stress and in word-initial unstressed positions (participants 5–9)
Participant’s number:
5
6
7
8
9
2.1. English aspirated long-lag stops
L3 is French.
2.1.1. word-initial pre-stress position
caught
[kɔːt]
[kɔːt]
[kɔːt]
[khɔːt]
passed (2x)
[past]
[pa:st], [pa:sd]
[pa:sd]
[pεst], [pε:sd]
past
[pæst]
[pa:st]
[pa:st]
[pε:st]
people
[ˈpi:pl̩]
[ˈpi:pl̩]
[ˈpi:pl̩]
[ˈpi:pl̩]
Potters
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpottεrs]
[ˈpɔttɚz]
[ˈpɑtɚs]
tin
[tɪn]
[θin]
[tin]
[tin]
too
[tu:]
[tu:]
[tu:]
[tu:]
2.1.2. word-medial pre-stress position
until
[ʌnˈthɪl]
[ˈantɪl]
[ˈʌntɪl]
[ʌnˈtɪl]
2.1.3. word-initial unstressed position
collecting
[kəˈlεktɪŋ]
[kəˈlεktɪŋ]
[kəˈlεktɪŋg]
[khoˈlεktɪŋ]
to
[tə]
[tə]
[tə]
[tə]
2.2. English unaspirated short-lag stops
2.2.1. word-initial pre-stress position
back
[bæk]
[bεk]
[bεk]
[bεk]
bag
[bæg]
[bε:g̥]
[bεg̥]
[bεg]
baker’s
[ˈbeɪkɚs]
[ˈbeɪkəs]
[ˈ b̥eɪkərs]
[ˈbeɪkɚs]
bunch
[b̥ʌntʃ]
[b̥ʌntʃ]
[b̥ʌntʃ]
[bʌntʃ]
doughnut
[ˈdoʊdnʌt]
[ˈdɔːnʌt]
[ˈdɔːnʌt]
[ˈdo:nʌt]
2.2.2. word-medial pre-stress position
forgotten
[foɹ̠ˈɡʌttεn]
[ˈfoɹg̥ʌtn̩]
[fəɹ̠ˈgʌtεn]
[ˈfoɹɡʌttεn]
about
[əˈbaʊt]
[əˈbaʊt]
[əˈbaʊt]
[əˈbaʊt]
2.2.3. word-initial unstressed position
didn’t
[dɪdnt]
[dɪʔn̩t]
[dɪdnt]
[dɪdn̩]
but
[bət]
[bʌt]
[b̥ʌt]
[b̥ʌt]
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Table 6. Transcription of English words representing aspirated long-lag stops and unaspirated short-lag stops in word-initial, word-medial pre-stress and in word-initial unstressed positions (participants 10–13)
Participant’s number:
10
11
12
13
2.1. English aspirated long-lag stops
L3 is French.
2.1.1. word-initial pre-stress position
caught
[kaʊtʃt]
[koʊθ]
[kɔːt]
passed (2x)
[st]
[past], [pε:sd]
[pa:st], [past]
past
[pɑːst]
[pɑːst]
[pɑːst]
people
[ˈpi:pl̩]
[ˈpi:pəl]
[ˈpipl̩]
Potters
[ˈpɒttəɹ̠s]
[ˈpɒttεɹ̠s]
[ˈpɔttɚz]
tin
[tin]
[thɪn]
[thɪn]
too
[tu:]
[tu:]
[tsu:]
2.1.2. word-medial pre-stress position
until
[ˈʌntɪl]
[ʌnˈtɪl]
[ʌnˈtɪl]
2.1.3. word-initial unstressed position
collecting
[kəlˈlεktɪŋg]
[kəˈlεkʃən]
[kəˈlεktɪŋ]
to
[tə]
[tə]
[tʊ]
2.2. English unaspirated short-lag stops
2.2.1. word-initial pre-stress position
back
[bεk]
[bεk]
[bεk]
bag
[bεg]
[b̥εg̥]
[bεg]
baker’s
[ˈbeɪkɚs]
[ˈbeɪkɚs]
[ˈbeɪkəs]
bunch
[bʌntʃ]
[bʌntʃ]
[bʌntʃ]
doughnut
[ˈdʌnaʊt]
[ˈdona:t]
[ˈdo:nʌt]
2.2.2. word-medial pre-stress position
forgotten
[foɹˈɡʌttεn]
[fɚˈɡɑtən]
[fɔːˈɡʌttεn]
about
[ɒˈbaʊt]
[əˈb̥aʊt]
[əˈbaʊt]
2.2.3. word-initial unstressed position
didn’t
[dɪdn̩]
[dɪdnt]
[dɪdn̩]
but
[bʌt]
[bʌt]
[bʌt]
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Table 7. Transcription of French words representing unaspirated short-lag stops in word-initial, word-medial pre-stress and in word-initial unstressed positions and pre-voiced stops in word-initial pre-stress and unstressed positions (participants 6 and 11)
Participant’s number:
6
11
3.1. French unaspirated short-lag stops
3.1.1. word-initial pre-stress position
capes
[kap]
[kap]
tête
[tεt]
[tεt]
3.1.2. word-medial pre-stress position
boutique*
[b̥utik]!
[ˈbutikə]
chuchotaient
[ʃyʃotε]
[ˈʃoko:tεn]
entendit
[ˈɒntɒndi]
[ˈɒntɒndi]
enveloppé
[ɑ̃vəlope]
[ˈɑ̃nvεloppe]
étaient
[etε]
[etɑ̃]
lorsqu’il
[lorskil]
[lurskil]
mettaient
[mεttε]
[ˈmətε]
Potter
[pottεr]
[pottεr]
pourquoi
[purkoa]
[ˈpurkoa]
proximité
[ˈproksimite]
[ˈproksimite]
récolter
[rekolte]
[ˈrekolte]
sortis
[sorti]
[sorti]
sortit
[ˈsorti]
[ˈsorti:]
surexcité
[syrεksite]
[ˈsyrεksite]
vêtus
[vəty]
[ˈvəty]
3.1.3. word-initial unstressed position
(ce) que
[səkə]
[køː]
complètement
[ˈkomplεtmɑn]
[ˈkomplεtmɑ̃n]
conversation
[konvεrzasjɔ̃]
[kɔ̃nvεrzasjɔ̃]
courroucé
[kurəse]
[ˈkurruse]
passa
[pas]
[passa]
passants
[ˈpasɑ̃]
[ˈpasant]
quelques
[kεlkə]
[kεlkə]
quelques-uns
[kεlkəz‿œ̃n]
[kεlkεz‿εn]
3.2. French pre-voiced stops
3.2.1. word-initial pre-stress position
boîte
[bwat]
[bwaʔ]
dire
[dir]
[dir]
3.2.2. word-initial unstressed position
beignet
[bεɲa]
[bεʒne]
boulangerie
[b̥ulaʒəri]
[bulanʒəri]
boutique*
[b̥utik]!
[ˈbutikə]
d’un
[dεn]
[dεn]
dans
[dɑ̃]
[dan]
de (5x)
[de], [də] 4x
[de], [də] 4x
destinée
[ˈdεstine]
[ˈdεstine]
devant
[dəvan]
[dəvan]
Word stress is only indicated in cases where it was shifted to a syllable different than the final one.
* The word boutique represents stops in both word-medial pre-stress and word-initial unstressed positions.
 
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