Márta Lesznyák: A longitudinal investigation of translation trainees’ translation and post-editing competence development I
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1 Literature review
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1.5 Machine translation, post-editing, and post-editing competence

1.5 Machine translation, post-editing, and post-editing competence

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The translation and interpreting profession has changed profoundly in the past 10-20 years as machine translation (MT) and the post-editing (PE) of machine-translated text have become an everyday reality for many translators (ELIS Research, 2023, 2024, 2025). Personal consultations with a Hungarian translation agency in 2020 suggested that about 20% of their assignments involved post-editing in some form or another. International data indicate an even higher ratio (see below) and a steady growth. This change in the profession has led to the emergence of a new research field (post-editing competence), which has been thriving ever since.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

In this section, first, the birth and the rise of MT will be reviewed, then the European Language Industry Surveys 2023 and 2024 will be summarised, as they convey up-to-date information on the spread of MT and PE in the translation profession. This is followed by a description of two post-editing competence models and a synopsis of studies on components and skills that language professionals and agencies consider important in post-editing. Finally, the most important research studies on post-editing efficiency and background factors affecting it will be summarised.

1.5.1 The emergence of machine translation (MT) and its integration into the translation workflow

1.5.2 The status of post-editing in the language industry

1.5.3 Translation competence vs. post-editing competence

1.5.4 The first post-editing competence model – Rico and Torrejon (2012)

1.5.5 The post-editing competence model of Nitzke, Hansen-Schirra, and Canfora (2019, 2021)

1.5.6 Survey studies on PE competence and skills

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