Tóth József (szerk.): Nyelv, kultúra, megértés: új kutatási módszerek a humán tudományok területén
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2. Nyelvhasználat és interkulturalitás
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Diagnostic assessment of cross-linguistic pronunciation differences of Hungarian secondary grammar school students when reading contemporary literature • Zsolt Gergelics
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5. Discussion

5. Discussion

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The findings clearly show a significant difference between the pronunciation of German stops representing a spread glottis language as L2 and that of German and French representing a spread glottis language and a true voice language, respectively, as L3 for Hungarian secondary school students. In case of German as L2 deviating pronunciations substantially outnumber standard variants in almost all positions. Despite the fact that the aspirated long-lag stops were not found in all positions – as opposed to the unaspirated short-lag ones, which could be examined in both word-initial, word-medial pre-stress and word-initial unstressed position – the tendency hints at a comparative difficulty for students with Hungarian as L1 to correctly pronounce them. This would underpin the theoretical supposition according to which a true voice language as L1 exerts negative effects on the pronunciation of stops of a spread glottis language, in which the voicing contrast is employed by the feature [spread glottis] as suggested by Petrova et al. (2006).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

A similar pattern can be seen when examining both aspirated and unaspirated English stops, which were found in all possible positions in the extracts. The overall results indicate a rather negative effect of Hungarian as L1 on the pronunciation of stops of English as L3. In this case, however, the situation is slightly tinged as results show a far better proportion of standard and deviating variants than regarding German stops. The explanations might lie in the fact that English is their L3 following German that represents the very same laryngeal features. It should also be borne in mind that this result may be the immediate consequence of higher exposure to English, as illustrated in Figure 7 and Figure 8 on the time of activity spent in L2 and L3.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

As anticipated, French stops were preponderantly pronounced in accordance with its standard forms. Surprisingly though, they were all pronounced correctly with only two exceptions. After multiple times of listening to these words it turned out that a temporary shortage of breath accounts for the absence of pre-voicing, which requires more egressive air amount. Apart from this, it can be stated that the pronunciation of French stops coincides with that of Hungarian ones, a phenomenon explicable by the mutual [voice] feature of both Hungarian and French. Nevertheless, the outcome implies no deteriorating effect of German as L2 representing spread glottis feature on French at all.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Based on evidence from the results and in connection with the research questions and hypotheses, it can be said that

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

  1. the laryngeal feature [voice] as a distinctive phonological characteristic of the Hungarian language as L1 exerts deteriorating effects on the realisations of stops in foreign languages as L2 and L3 representing the feature [spread glottis];
  2. the laryngeal feature [voice] as a distinctive phonological characteristic of the Hungarian language as L1 exerts absolutely facilitating effects on the realisations of stops in a foreign language as L3 representing the same laryngeal feature;
  3. the laryngeal feature [spread glottis] as a distinctive phonological characteristic of the German language as L2 might exert facilitating effects on studying an additional foreign language as L3 representing the same feature, however does not exert any deteriorating effect on studying an additional foreign language as L3 representing the feature [voice].
 
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