2.3. Factors affecting L1 interference

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Many factors cause first language interference while acquiring a second language, such as the similarities and differences in the structures of the two languages, the background knowledge of the learner, proficiency of learners in second languages, and the syllable structures in L1 and L2 which are mentioned by James (1980: 146) as follows:

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

(a) Amount and nature of L2 input: Interference occurs when the L2 learner’s input is very limited in both ‘quantity’ and ‘scope’. This phenomenon can be manifested especially when L2 is learned in an L1 environment (schools).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

(b) Level of linguistic analysis: Most research has been done at the levels of morphology and syntax rather than at the phonological and lexical level. It is because of these two levels that ‘interference’ as a linguistic term has been included in the literature.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

(c) Linguistic distance between L1 and L2: Related linguistic systems induce the interference phenomenon to manifest itself. Hence, since the two languages are different, L2 learners tend to translate the features from L1 into L2.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

(d) L2 learning stage: Taylor (1975) pointed out that interference phenomenon is more frequent among beginners than among advanced learners during the L2 learning process.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

(e) Task focus: Interference is common among L2 learners if the focus of L2 is on grammatical forms rather than on ‘communicative effectiveness’.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

It can be interpreted from (c) that the linguistic distance between L1 and L2 is a major factor of L1 interference and transfer. In other words, it can be summarized that:

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

1– Languages in the bilingual brain are affecting each other constantly either positively or negatively, which depends on multiple factors, in which the linguistic distance between these languages is considered one of the most important one as it determines one’s difficulty in learning it.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

2 – The native tongue is often a main source of information a learner can use to form a sentence or pronounce a word or even one sound.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Thus, in order to show the similarities and differences between the phonologies of MSA and RP as well as to explore the problems caused by such differences in the L1 and the L2, a contrastive analysis between the sound system of the languages should be conducted.
 
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