Tóth József (szerk.): Nyelv, kultúra, megértés: új kutatási módszerek a humán tudományok területén
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1. Nyelvi rendszerek és jelentésleírás
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A contrastive analysis of British English RP and Arabic MSA sound systems • Hala Saed
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3. Languages under investigation: Modern Standard Arabic vs. British English (Received Pronunciation, RP)
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3.1. Languages of the study: a general overview
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3.1.3. Letter-to-Sound

3.1.3. Letter-to-Sound

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Since the English language pronunciation is mostly taught by reading aloud, it is important to mention the differences between the two languages’ orthographic systems. In one hand, English has a system of complex orthography, where the relation between letters and sounds is not one-to-one. For example, one sound can be represented by a group of letters as in -tio- is used to make the sound /ʃ/. Another major concern in English orthography is when one letter, i.e. the letter a represents different sound articulations in words such as fan, war and cautious. Yet another problem is caused by silent letters like r in words like shared, mother.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The Arabic orthographic system, conversely, is simple. In Arabic the letter-sound relationship is much more explicit than that in English. In Arabic words are written as almost pronounced, particularly in consonants, almost each letter represents a distinctive sound except in a few limited circumstances as in the case of the ‘l’ letter of the definite article, which follows the pronunciation of the following sound. Or in cases as those of assimilation for instance, the /n/ is assimilated to /m/ due to the adjacent /b/ stop. However, in the case of connected speech, Arabs are more reliant on their diacritics system to add short vowels or stress to words.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

According to Al-Shalabi (2021), every letter of any word is pronounced in Arabic. As a result, native Arabic speakers pronounce exactly of the letters of any foreign word, even for the silent ones, particularly those which are not regularly silent, such as the letter ‘r’ in RP. In her study, she found out that words such as ‘first’, ‘hear’, ‘large’, ‘pleasure’, ‘shirt’, and ‘word’ are frequently pronounced as/feɪrst/, /hɪ:r/, /lɑ:rdʒ/, /blɪdʒər/, /ʃeɪrt/, and /wɔ:rd/, respectively. Another case of pronouncing a silent letter is the addition of the consonant /t/ as in the pronunciation /kæstɪl/ ‘castle’.
 
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