Tóth József (szerk.): Nyelv, kultúra, megértés: új kutatási módszerek a humán tudományok területén
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2. Nyelvhasználat és interkulturalitás
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Diagnostic assessment of cross-linguistic pronunciation differences of Hungarian secondary grammar school students when reading contemporary literature • Zsolt Gergelics
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1. Introduction

1. Introduction

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The representation of laryngeal phenomena, especially voicing and aspiration, has drawn a lot of attention on phonological theory. Several authors have discussed what distinctive features would best describe the laryngeal contrasts found in the world’s languages, including the discussions by Iverson, Salmons (2003), Keating (1996), Lisker, Abramson (1964), and Petrova et al. (2006) to name just a few. In what follows, I take the representations proposed in Petrova et al. (2006) as the basis for my discussion in that they suggest that so-called true voice languages represent the voicing contrast with the help of the feature [voice] while so-called spread glottis languages employ the feature [spread glottis] to do so.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Following Petrova et al. (2006) we assume that the feature [voice] is narrowly construed and is only used to characterize the contrast between negative and short-lag voice onset time (VOT). In languages such as Hungarian, Russian – as well as a number of Romance languages like French and Spanish, for instance –, the so-called ‘voiced stops’ are produced with vocal cord vibration often starting even before the closure is produced in all positions including word-initial. Voiceless stops in these languages have no vocal fold vibration but there is no aspiration either.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Following Petrova et al. (2006) we also assume that the feature [spread glottis] represents the contrast between short-lag and long-lag VOT in spread glottis languages. In such languages, e.g. English and German, ‘voiced stops’ are produced quite a different way from that in true voice languages. In such languages, there is no vocal fold vibration in ‘voiced stops’ unless they are in an intervocalic, or rather in an intersonorant, position. Thus, what are traditionally referred to as ‘voiced stops’ – or sometimes as lenis stops – in the literature are actually voiceless, except when between sonorants. Spread glottis languages tend to have aspiration of what are referred to as voiceless – or fortis – stops. Also, as pre-pause obstruents are clearly not in intersonorant position, they cannot become (passively) voiced but remain voiceless – a phenomenon often dubbed final devoicing.
 
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