This chapter will provide an overview of the relationship between political discourse (including texts created through translation), power and ideology, to be followed by a review of Translation Studies specific research on the relationship between translated texts and power and ideology. Since no systematic, strictly text-based approaches have yet been developed in Translation Studies for the critical description of political texts and their translation in particular, this chapter will argue that Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) can serve as a potential systematic, text-based analytical tool that extends to all relevant textual features (to be defined in Section 4.4.1) in the current research context. This will be followed by the description of the underlying CDA theory including its roots and traditions and in particular the foundations of van Dijk’s (1993, 1997, 2001, 2003) Critical Discourse Analysis. Then, with a view to the current research, one component of van Dijk’s CDA, the so-called Discourse-Society Interface, which establishes the link between text, society and cognition, will be presented. The applicability of the Interface for the critical analysis of political texts and their translations will also be justified. The chapter will propose an adaptation of the Interface to be used in the current research: this translation-oriented application is named the Translation-centred Discourse–Society Interface Model (TDSI Model). It will be demonstrated that the systematic application of the TDSI Model may yield an analytical tool that is capable of producing reliable and valid findings in terms of the critical analysis of political texts and their translation in comparison with any other previous approaches associated with the critical analysis of political texts within the field of Translation Studies.