4.3.1.2 Text-centred approaches

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The second group of text linguistic approaches to political discourse, the so-called text-centred approaches is an umbrella term I use for various research perspectives. Such approaches include the following areas: (a) pragmatically-oriented approaches, in the scope of which text is viewed as the interaction of communication partners (Álvarez and Vidal 1996, Chilton and Schäffner 1997, Hatim and Mason 1997, Gutt 1998, Baker 2006), (b) the research of hybrid texts (exhibiting the features of both source and target cultures) evolving as a result of cultural and political differences in the source and target cultures (Schäffner and Adab 2001) and hedges in the translation of political texts (Schäffner 1998) as well as (c) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), a further development of critical linguistics (Kárpáti 2007). CDA is practically an offshoot of earlier research in the field of the above-mentioned pragmatically-oriented approach, and views communication as a battlefield of conflicting powers and ideologies and sees text as social interaction (van Dijk 1985, Kress 1985, Seidel 1985, van Dijk 1993, van Dijk 1997, Fairclough and Wodak 1997, van Dijk 2001, van Dijk 2003, van Dijk 2006, Valdeón 2007, Chan 2007, Gu 2018, Guo 2018, Pomerleau 2022, Gagnon and Boulanger 2023, Ping and Wang 2024).

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Text-centred approaches strive to provide a more meticulous picture of the interrelation of cultural, societal and social features surfacing in texts than cultural and social psychological approaches do and, as a consequence, they provide important information for the current research. Text-centred approaches used in Translation Studies will be described in Section 4.3.2 in more detail.
 
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