Mátyás Bánhegyi: The Effects of Politics and Ideology on the Translation of Argumentative Political Newspaper Articles
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Chapter 4: Translation and politics: Critical Discourse Analysis
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4.5 Van Dijk’s (1993, 1997, 2001, 2003) Critical Discourse Analysis
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4.5.2 Van Dijk’s CDA
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4.5.2.4 Theoretical links between discourse and society: Discourse–Society Interface
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4.5.2.4.1 Discourse–Society Interface: Action
4.5.2.4.1 Discourse–Society Interface: Action

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Action is the aspect of the Discourse–Society Interface that defines all factors that make “discourses a form of social interaction” (van Dijk, 1997, p. 9). The component of Action includes intentionality; perspective; implications and consequences and components; as well as interaction, to be defined below.

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a) Intentionality refers to the fact that discourse is an intentional, controlled, purposeful human action (van Dijk 1997), which refers to the functional nature of discourse, i.e. all communication is focused on its purpose;

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b) Perspective defines the way one interprets discourse. This depends on the standpoint or perspective one takes with reference to the discourse in question: whether one agrees or disagrees with what is expressed and whether one criticises or supports the events, topics, actions, etc. described (van Dijk 1997). Perspective is of crucial importance when it comes to the interpretation of discourse as it positions the text for the audience through the author’s standpoint;

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c) Implications, consequences and components refer to the shared social setting and the social realisation of discourse. For discourse to realise as social action, locutionary acts of producing the discourse and propositional acts of meaning something should be accomplished (van Dijk 1997). This suggests that, apart from propositional content, locutionary and illocutionary aspects should both be taken into account when analysing discourse;

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d) Interaction denotes the necessary social interaction between communication partners realised as part of the communicative event (e.g. meeting each other before the communicative event, etc.).

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Apart from action, context – or the circumstances of discourse – is another component that should be taken into account when interpreting the ways discourse is socially realised.
 
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