Songul Dogan Ger: Developing Students’ Cultural Diversity Awareness and Intercultural Communicative Competence in English Classes
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2 Theoretical and Empirical Background
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2.1 Key Terms and Definitions
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2.1.6 English as the Medium of Instruction

2.1.6 English as the Medium of Instruction

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The studies that make up the present research were conducted in an international school in which English is used as the medium of instruction (EMI). The term EMI is used throughout the monograph and thus needs to be distinguished from other approaches to the teaching of English, such as Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL).

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Dearden (2014) defines EMI as “the use of the English language to teach academic subjects in countries or jurisdictions where the first language (L1) of the majority of the population is not English” (p.4). By contrast, CLIL is defined as “a dual-focused approach in which an additional language is used for the learning and teaching of both content and language” (Coyle et al., 2010, p.1). According to Dearden (2014), the definition of EMI necessitates a conceptual distinction between CLIL and EMI. She points out that while CLIL does not specify which language (second, additional, or foreign language; L2) is used to teach academic subjects, in EMI the language of education is unequivocally English. However, the two educational approaches also display similarities in terms of content and language acquisition, although EMI tends to emphasize the content side (Tsou & Kao, 2017).

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Macaro (2018) refers to English language teaching (ELT) as the teaching of general English or English for general purposes, where the main aim is to develop students’ language skills, primarily grammar and vocabulary, and where content is minimal or becomes richer depending on the students’ English proficiency level. He differentiates between EMI and EFL, since language objectives are dominant in EFL as opposed to the content-dominant objectives of EMI.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The term EMI is used in the monograph to refer to the approach adopted at the observed school, according to which all academic subjects, such as science, math, and humanities, including English classes, are taught in English to students who are primarily non-native speakers of English.
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