Mária Bakti: The development of interpreting competence
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12 Explicitation shifts in the consecutively interpreted Hungarian target language texts of the interpreter trainees
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12.1 Explicitation
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12.1.2 Types of explicitation

12.1.2 Types of explicitation

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Klaudy describes four types of explicitation in translation: those of obligatory, optional, pragmatic and translation-specific types of explicitation (Klaudy, 1999). If the translator does not carry out obligatory explicitation operations, the result is a grammatically incorrect sentence. In the case of optional explicitation, the TL sentence would be correct even without carrying out optional explicitation operations. Pragmatic explicitation is needed because of the differences in the background knowledge of the SL and TL target audience, while translation-inherent explicitation is the natural consequence of the translation process (Klaudy, 1999).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Englund Dimitrova differentiates between norm-driven and strategic explicitation (Englund Dimitrova, 2005). Norm-driven explicitation happens when certain explicitation operations can be considered as norms because they are carried out frequently and regularly in translation in a given language pair or text type. Strategic explicitation is seen by translators as a solution to translation problems.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Robin (2013, p. 52), based on the typologies of Klaudy and Englund Dimitrova, has identified three categories of explicitation: rule-based, norm-based and editorial. Rule-based explicitation shifts are carried out as they are necessary because of the differences in the morphological, syntactic, and semantic systems of the source and target languages. Without carrying out these operations, the TL text would be incorrect. Norm-based explicitation is an optional operation, its reasons include differences in language use or in linguistic expectations. Without carrying out these operations, the TL text would not be in line with TL expectations and conventions. Editorial explicitation is also an optional operation. During editing explicitation, the translator or reviser optimizes the information content and explicitness of a text in order to facilitate text comprehension for the TL readers (Robin, 2013, p. 52).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Robin (2013) also warns that the application of optional explicitation operation poses some risks as well, such as excess redundancy or specification based on the translator’s individual interpretation (Robin, 2013, p. 62).
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