Mária Bakti: The development of interpreting competence
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12 Explicitation shifts in the consecutively interpreted Hungarian target language texts of the interpreter trainees
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12.4 Methodology

12.4 Methodology

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The target language texts produced by the trainee interpreters were analysed for the occurrence of explicitation shifts. The categories used in the analysis were those of Gumul (2006), including interpreting-specific shifts. This taxonomy was selected because it is the most comprehensive one, as it is based on a thorough analysis of explicitation shifts in Translation Studies, and is complemented by Gumul’s own categories of interpreting-specific shifts. For the categories, see Table 12.2. The analysis was carried out manually by the author.
 

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Table 12.2 Gumul’s (2006, p. 174) categories of explicitation in interpreting, with Gumul’s examples
Type of explicitation
Example
adding connectives
and, so, thus, although
categorical shift of cohesive devices (i.e. from vaguely cohesive to more explicitly cohesive)
and they decided to wait > so they decided to wait
shifts from referential cohesion to lexical cohesion (i.e. lexicalization of pro-forms)
overlap between them > overlap between these sections
shifts from reiteration in the form of paraphrase to reiteration in the form of identical/partial repetition
a bridge across the Thames (…) the north bank of the river > a bridge across the Thames (…) the north bank of the Thames
filling out elliptical constructions
(…) some of the other consequences, and there were many of them, some [of the consequences were] very important
lexical specification (i.e. substituting a word with general meaning with a word with more specific meaning)
say > accuse
adding modifiers and quantifiers
serious psychological damage
a strange mixture
adding a proper name to a generic name
every American citizen
Roald, the polar explorer
distributing the meaning of a source-text unit over several units in the target text
this double focus > this division into two urban centres
replacing nominalizations with verb phrases
these demands are not open to negotiation and discussion > we will not negotiate or discuss these demands
disambiguating metaphors or replacing metaphors with similes
they stand in a frightened lump > they stand huddled together
including additional explanatory remarks
the web page liberty.org
Interpreting-specific explicitation operations
reiterating lexical items
repeating a certain word of phrase later in the text
OR
repeating an item as a result of self-correction
meaning specification (i.e., articulating ideas retrievable or inferable from the preceding part of the text or the cognitive context)
to save the victims > to save the victims of the attack
inserting hedges
As you probably know,
It should be remembered
inserting discourse-organising items
I would like to begin with ….
 
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