15.2.1 Estrella

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

At the time of starting the longitudinal study, Estrella had been studying Spanish (her B language) for 9 years and English for 17 years. She spent a semester studying in a Spanish-speaking country, and some weeks in an English-speaking country, learning the language there.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

When the longitudinal study started, she had already had interpreting experience, including the C to A and A to C language direction.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

As the number of words in her target language texts is concerned, they were rather long, in semester two, they were longer than the SL text itself.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

As Estrella progressed in her interpreter training, the fidelity of her target language texts improved. When having to cope with enumerations in the SL texts, she resorted to the strategies of omissions and generalizations.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

In her target language speech production, the frequency of occurrence of both ETDs and disfluencies show a similar pattern: an increase from semester two to semester three, and then a decrease from semester three to semester four.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Speech mode did not seem to influence the types of ETDs occurring in her Hungarian speech, the top three ETDs were grammar errors and false word errors. Restarts and repetitions and grammar errors dominate her consecutively interpreted Hungarian target language texts, and a similar pattern is characteristic of her spontaneous speech as well. Her extemporaneous speech is characterized by restarts and repetitions.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

In her target language renditions, she had the highest proportion of additive conjunctions, this seemed to be a consistent pattern, encompassing all three semesters of the study. In addition, she kept the highest proportion of the SL referential ties in her TL texts.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Explicitation shifts/100 words in her target language texts show a similar pattern to disfluencies and ETDs: an increase from semester two to semester three, and then a decrease from semester three to semester four.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

There seems to be a consistent pattern of explicitation shifts in her TL texts all through the three semesters investigated: additions (modifiers and quantifiers in semester two and adding connectives in semesters three and four), followed by replacing nominalizations with verb phrases. Interpreting-specific explicitation shifts ranked third in frequency in semesters two, three and four.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Her evaluations for presentation do not mirror improvement, however, her style and register evaluations show a marked improvement.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The evaluative comments she received are somewhat contradictory (monotonous and with good intonation for the same segment).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

However, evaluators commented on her grammar errors, which is no surprise, considering grammar errors were the most frequent ETDs in her Hungarian target language texts. This might be a general speech characteristic she has and might not be necessarily related to interpreting or cognitive load related to interpreting. An alternative explanation could be that she has language-independent problems with grammatical encoding.

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Her retrospective comments mirror development: in the session after semester three, she mentioned that she tried to focus on finishing her sentences, whereas after semester four, she was glad about being able to use good intonation. Her fourth semester performance was seen by evaluators as elegant, which is in line with her own comments; she considered her performance as faithful to the original and elegant.
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