In this section, the most frequent ETD types in the output of the interpreter trainees are presented (Table 10.9). In the recordings made after the end of the second semester, the most frequent ETDs were grammar errors (30.3%), followed by multiple cause errors (22.2%), false word (19.4%) and false starts (13.8%). In the recordings made after the third semester, multiple cause errors ranked first (44.1%), followed by grammar (35.3%), false word (11.7%) and false start (5.9%) errors. In the consecutively interpreted texts recorded after the fourth semester of training, grammar errors were the most frequent, followed by multiple cause (21.2%), false start (15.2%) and false word (9%). In other words, in the consecutively interpreted target language texts, irrespective of the stage of training students were in, grammar errors were the most frequent, followed by false word errors in semesters 2 and 3, and by false starts in the recordings made after semester 4. When compared with the spontaneous speech of the trainees, a similar pattern emerges, grammar errors being the most frequent (73.2%), followed by false word, false start, ordering problems and multiple cause errors (all 6.7%). It is difficult to compare the data for extemporaneous speech, as there were only four ETDs in the four extemporaneous speeches, all categorized as multiple cause.

 

 

Next, ETD patterns in the output of each of the interpreter trainees is presented. Figure 10.1 shows the ETDs in the consecutively interpreted Hungarian target language texts and in the spontaneous and extemporaneous speech of student Estrella. The most frequent ETDs in her output, irrespective of mode, are grammar errors and false word activation errors. It has to be noted that no ETDs were recorded in her extemporaneous speech.

 

 

The ETDs in the in the consecutively interpreted Hungarian target language texts and in the spontaneous and extemporaneous speech of student Luna are shown in Figure 10.2.

 

 

In her consecutively interpreted Hungarian target language texts the most frequent ETDs are grammar errors, false word and false start errors. In her spontaneous speech, only grammar errors were detected. It has to be noted that no ETDs were found in her extemporaneous speech production.

 

 

In his consecutively interpreted TTs there are multiple cause and grammar ETDs, together with a lower frequency of false word and blend-type errors. There were no ETDs detected in his spontaneous speech and all of the ETDs in his extemporaneous speech were classified as multiple cause.

 

Both in her consecutively interpreted TL texts and spontaneous speech, grammar errors dominate, together with false starts. It has to be noted that all of the ETDs in her extemporaneous speech were classified as multiple cause.