Ever since the Church of England was created in 1534, there were Protestant groups who were dissatisfied with the way it was organized, and with the doctrines and liturgy adopted by the church. For a while, they tried to reform the Church from the inside, claiming that they would like to ‘purify’ it from the remains of Catholicism. These radical Protestant groups came to be called Puritans by the early 17th century. After their radical demands were rejected by the monarch and the leadership of the Church, they began to organize themselves into separate churches. During the English Civil War, a form of Puritanism became the state church under Oliver Cromwell, but after the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the Anglican Church was brought back with its traditional doctrines. After that period, those Protestants who were not willing to join the Church of England and continued to hold different views were officially and legally discriminated (they could not work as public officials, the number of their churches was restricted, etc.), but they were allowed to exist and practice their faith. They were collectively called Dissenters163 in the late 17th and 18th, then Nonconformists164 in the 19th century. The former Dissenters or Nonconformists, that is, Protestant churches other than the Church of England and the Church of Scotland, today are commonly called the Free Churches. They have various doctrines and liturgical rules, but they share some common features. None of these churches have bishops, or ‘episcopacy,’ and their ministers can be both men and women. The main denominations today are: the Methodists; the Baptists; the United Reformed Church (created by the union of the Congregational and Presbyterian Churches of England in 1972); and the Salvation Army. They are typically characterized by an Evangelical set of values.