For the present purposes ‘gender’ is understood as defined by Ridgeway and Smith-Lovin (1999, p. 192): it is a “system of social practices”, which creates and maintains gender distinctions and “organizes relations of inequality on the basis of [these].” It is emphasized that gender is socially motivated, i.e., when individuals “do” gender, they take into account how they are perceived in their social contexts. For the purposes of this paper, four elements of this definition are important. Firstly, gender is created and maintained, produced and reproduced, i.e., it is not something given that exists independent of humans (as gravity does). Secondly, gender is not something that applies to individuals only – although it heavily influences one’s identities and self-concepts, shapes one’s dispositions, preferences, and structures one’s behaviors. What matters is that gender is not something that one may opt in or opt out of or select from at one’s own choice as a personal decision or that one is born into that describes who one is because it appears on various levels of the social structure in innumerable ways. Gender is a system of practices that weaves across individual, interpersonal, institutional practices on all levels and in forms of interaction. And, it is a sytem of practices, i.e., it is done, performed by individuals, communities, and institutions alike. Gender organizes interaction between individuals, between groups, between individuals and groups. Gender also organizes social institutions like work, family, school, which all produce and reproduce gender. Thirdly, gender produces and reproduces difference. This difference in western culture two decades into the millenium makes social interaction easier. As Ridgeway (1997, p. 219) observes: “It is striking that people are nearly incapable of interacting with one another when they cannot guess the other’s sex,” which suggests that sex and gender categories are vital for successful communication (Wharton, 2005, p. 10). But gender also creates similarity – among members of the same gender. Fourthly, gender differentiation organizes inequality, that is, gender is one of the bases which determines who is going to have limited or no access to resources and who can fully enjoy all or most resources available to a society (see Wharton, 2005, p. 7). Gender is one basis to allocate power.