Mátyás Bánhegyi: The Effects of Politics and Ideology on the Translation of Argumentative Political Newspaper Articles
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Chapter 3: Text structure and translation research: Micro-, macro- and superstructure of texts
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3.5 Summary of the main aims and application of presented macrostructure models

3.5 Summary of the main aims and application of presented macrostructure models

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Table 3.1 offers a summary of the aims and results of the research conducted so far applying Kintsch and van Dijk’s (1978) and van Dijk’s (1980) models.
 

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Table 3.1: The main aims and results of research applying Kintsch and van Dijk’s (1978) Model of Text Comprehension and Production and van Dijk’s (1980) Macrostructure Model
Main publ. data
Aims
Results
Hutchins (1987)
test automated summarisation and information retrieval systems with the help of Kintsch and van Dijk’s (1978) and van Dijk’s (1980) models
automated summarisation and information retrieval systems are reliable as measured against Kintsch and van Dijk’s (1978) and van Dijk’s (1980) models
Ericsson and Kintsch (1995)
test if items on higher levels in the macrostructure are more likely to be remembered
items on higher levels in the macrostructure are more reliably recalled if short-term memory cues are attached to them
Kintsch (2002)
test the reliability of the automatic Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) model, used for the extraction of macrostructure, against Kintsch’s Construction-Integration Theory (1988) – a further development of Kintsch and van Dijk’s (1978) and van Dijk’s (1980) models
the LSA and Kintsch’s construction-integration theory (1988) give the same results, thus LSA is deemed reliable
Lemaire et al. (2005)
provide a reliable tool for the unbiased assessment of summaries written by middle school students
the determination of macrostructure is offered as a most reliable tool for both summary writing and summary assessment
Meyer and Grice (1982)
explore whether comprehension of a text is a linear or a hierarchical process
text comprehension happens in a hierarchical, top-down way: first highest level propositions are constructed followed by the construction of lower level ones
Brewer (1982)
explore how readers understand a narrative if events are not expressly stated textually
events that are not expressly stated can be reconstructed with the help of van Dijk’s Macrostructure Model (1980)
Toledo (2005)
previous knowledge of genre characteristics influences the success of comprehension
macrostructure alone, without the identification of text type, does not adequately mirror the comprehension of texts
Evans (1998)
show if differing paragraph set-ups and structures (topic shifts) are attributable to different linguistic and cultural environments in the case of corresponding German and English language business articles
no significant differences are identified, however, van Dijk’s Macrostructure Model (1980) proves to be a reliable analytical tool for establishing in-paragraph macrostructure
Le (2004)
describe the effects metadiscourse manifesting in the macrostructure of editorials has on readers
if metadiscourse makes it into macrostructure, readers will identify the editorial as an authoritative and reliable piece of text
Tirkkonen-Condit (1985)
as part of Translation Studies, describe the text structures of source and target language argumentative texts, show how awareness of the text structure of the source text influences the quality of translation
the macrostructure of argumentative texts are composed of several levels; the superstructure influences the macrostructure of argumentative texts; the more familiar translation students with text type specific features are, the better quality translations they can produce
 

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As the results of the studies described above show, Kintsch and van Dijk’s (1978) and van Dijk’s (1980) models constitute the foundations of the most influential body of research on macrostructure. The models have proved to be reliable in establishing the summary of texts (cf. Hutchins [1987]) and in describing how textual recall works (cf. Ericsson and Kintsch [1995]). It has also been demonstrated that the two models can also be successfully used in Translation Studies research (cf. Tirkkonen-Condit [1985]). This suggests that the above two models are reliable for establishing the propositions and the macrostructure of argumentative source and target language texts.
 
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