Mária Bakti: The development of interpreting competence
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12 Explicitation shifts in the consecutively interpreted Hungarian target language texts of the interpreter trainees
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12.1 Explicitation
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12.1.1 Explicitation defined

12.1.1 Explicitation defined

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

According to its most general definition, as a result of explicitation, implicit information in the source language text will be explicit in the target language text (Vinay & Darbelnet, 1958/1995).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Englund Dimitrova has extended the definition of explicitation from the target language product to involve the translation process, stating that explicitation is a technique or strategy, through which the translator makes explicit in the TL text that is implicit in the SL text, and, in addition, explicitation can refer to the structures resulting from these techniques and strategies: „explicitation can be loosely defined as techniques or strategy by which the translator makes such information explicit in the TT, which is only implicit in the ST; or to denote the resulting structure in the TT of using such a technique or strategy” (Englund Dimitrova, 2005, p. 5).

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

According to Shoshana Blum-Kulka’s explicitation hypothesis (Blum-Kulka, 1986/2000), during translation, the explicitness of TL texts increases, and TL texts are longer and more redundant than SL texts. Research has found empirical evidence for the hypothesis for different language pairs (Olohan & Baker, 2000; Marco, 2012); Gumul (2017, p. 20) states that explicitation is the most researched phenomenon in Translation Studies. This high level of interest has led to some conceptual and terminological contradictions, and, as a result, there are several approaches to explicitation in Translation Studies today. Most researchers (Krüger, 2014; Gumul, 2017) quote Englund Dimitrova, who states the following:
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

“Perhaps it can be concluded that at the present time in studies of translation, a host of phenomena with certain aspects in common are grouped together under the term ‘explicitation’, which tends to be used as a kind of umbrella term to label certain phenomena of differences between the ST and the TT which seem to be permissible in translation” (Englund Dimitrova, 2005, p. 40).
 

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

The opposite of explicitation is implicitation, that is when a translator makes explicit information the SL text implicit in the TL text (Vinay & Darbelnet, 1958/1995, p. 344). According to Klaudy’s asymmetry-hypothesis (2001), translators favour explicitation over implicitation and use explicitation transfer operations more often than implicitation operations. The reason behind this is that during translation, the cooperative principle of Grice operates even if the TL reader is not present in the communication situation.
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