1.5.4 Gumul’s Model of Interpreting Constraints

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Some key elements of the above models are included in Gumul’s (2017) model of interpreting constraints (Table 1.6). For simultaneous interpreting, Gumul identifies four constraints in interpreting, namely the Time constraint, the Linearity constraint, the Memory Load Constraint and the (Un)shared knowledge constraint. Time constraint involves the fact that the speed of the SL text is determined by the SL speaker, and the interpreter has to cope with concurrent tasks, with a limited processing capacity. A possible strategy in this case is to adjust the EVS (ear-voice span). The second constraint, Linearity Constraint, is related to unfinished SL input: the simultaneous interpreter has to start interpreting before the SL speaker finishes the SL sentence. The third constraint is the (Un)shared Knowledge Constraint, that is the difference between the background knowledge of the SL speaker, the interpreter and the audience. In order to solve problems related to this constraint, interpreters can resort to the strategies of transcoding and simplification. The fourth constraint is the Memory Load Constraint, its related problems can be solved by using the strategies of having a shorter EVS or creating a mental model.
 

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Table 1.6 Gumul’s model of Interpreting Constraints
Constraint
Characteristics
Model
Time
external pacing
coordinating concurrent tasks
managing limited processing capacity
Gile’s Effort Models
 
Linearity
accessibility to structure, texture and context is limited in SI
Hatim and Mason’s (1997) model of accessibility of texture, structure and context in interpreting
(Un)shared Knowledge
external sourcing of message
audience design
terminology
background knowledge
Gile’s (1995) Gravitational Model of Linguistic Availability
Memory Load
recall
Gile’s (1995) Effort Models
Source: Gumul (2017)
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