Mátyás Bánhegyi: The Effects of Politics and Ideology on the Translation of Argumentative Political Newspaper Articles
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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1.2 Basic terminology and notions used in this work

1.2 Basic terminology and notions used in this work

Jegyzet elhelyezéséhez, kérjük, lépj be.!

Table 1.1 provides a definition of some of the most basic terms and notions used in the book. The terms originate from the sources appearing below but are used herein in the author’s interpretation and formulation for the purpose of exclusive use in the context of the present book. The terminology explained below will not be defined again and will consequently be taken as explained or, will – alternatively – be definition-wise further refined in the subsequent chapters. For the sake of easier referencing, the basic terminology below is alphabetically arranged and is made complete with definitions and references to the number of chapter in which they first occur.
 

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Table 1.1: Basic terminology used in the book
Term
Definition
No. of Chapter
bias
(based on Mazzolien 2002)
preference to a particular ideology, individual or group which prevents objective consideration and assessment of a political issue or situation, or which interferes with impartial judgment with reference to the political structures involved or the political situations concerned
Chapter 5
Critical Discourse Analysis
(van Dijk [1993, p. 253])
a systematic textual analysis extending to the “intricate relationships between text, talk, social cognition, power, society and culture”
Chapter 4
discourse
(based on Beaugrande [1997])
a written communicative event involving all textual, situational and contextual features of the given communicative act
Chapter 2
discourse analysis
(based on van Dijk 1993)
the analysis of any textual features of written discourse, extending to the analysis of its related situational and contextual features
Chapter 4
explicitation
(Klaudy 1998, p. 80)
“the technique of making explicit in the target text information that is implicit in the source text”; in the case of the present book, politics- and/or ideology-related information
Chapter 8
gist of texts
(based on Tirkkonen-Condit [1985])
shortest meaningful summary of a text preserving references to all functional parts of the superstructure; the text at the highest macrolevel, where the superstructure effect manifests; this summary is derived through the macrostructure influenced by the superstructure
Chapter 2
ideology
(based on van Dijk [2003])
basic and socially accepted beliefs that underlie the social representations of a social group; fundamentally ideology is constructed from the knowledge, beliefs and value systems of individuals
Chapter 4
ideologically charged text
any text that contains ideology of any kind, practically including all texts as there are hardly any political texts without ideology
Chapter 4
macrostructure
(based on van Dijk 1980)
a textual feature that relates to the global nature, the gist of discourse as a whole; macrostructure is, in short, the semantic structure or semantic content of a text; or, in other words, the hierarchically arranged structure of the propositional content that make up the actual text
Chapter 3
manipulation
(based on van Dijk [2001])
a type of purposeful communication involving the implicit transfer of beliefs without actually asserting such beliefs, thereby creating less chance for such beliefs to be recognised or challenged
Chapter 4
mediatised political discourse (based on Wilson [2001])
any written text concerned with formal or informal political contexts, institutions or actors published in the media
Chapter 4
political message
shortest possible meaningful summary of a political text, ultimately derived with the help of Tirkkonen-Condit’s (1985) Macrostructure Model from the gist of texts, the highest possible macrolevel above the level of the gist; further clarified in Section 3.6
Chapter 3
political text
(based on Schäffner [1997])
a broad term including any written text that is part of, or the result of, politics or political activism, or the topic of which is related to politics
Chapter 4
politics and political
(based on Chilton and Schäffner [1997])
any linguistic and other action enacted through written texts involving social power
Chapter 4
superstructure
the linear structure of a text and its functional parts that affect the macrostructure of a text in line with the actual text type
Chapter 3
text
(based on Kárpáti [2007])
any expression that – in a given communicative situation – cognitively functions as communicatively appropriate, with appropriateness extending to the linearly arranged linguistic signs making up the text and its context
Chapter 1
translational shift
(based on Bakker, Koster and van Leuven-Zwart [1998])
functional text descriptive and research methodological category; translational shift is a quasi-theoretical notion, which is determined with respect to some “specific translation ideal and some postulated concept of equivalence” (Bakker, Koster and van Leuven-Zwart 1998, p. 227); for the purpose of this book: translational shifts are changes that are not required by grammatical, stylistic, etc. features of the target text; in the context of the current book: any text string of a target text that features ideological or political bias other than the original ideological or political bias appearing in the source text will be termed “translational shift”
Chapter 8
 
 
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