Mária Bakti: The development of interpreting competence
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1 Interpreting
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1.5 Models of interpreting
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1.5.2 Cognitive models of interpreting
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1.5.2.2 Kilian Seeber’s Cognitive Load Model

1.5.2.2 Kilian Seeber’s Cognitive Load Model

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Cognitive load in interpreting is defined as the “portion of an interpreter’s limited cognitive capacity devoted to performing an interpreting task in a certain environment” (Chen, 2017, p. 643). Cognitive load can be seen as a complex construct in which the interaction of variables related to the task, the environment, and interpreter characteristics are reflected (Chen, 2017). For an overview of variables, see Table 1.4. Another definition of cognitive load is “the amount of capacity the performance of a cognitive task occupies in an inherently capacity-limited system” (Seeber, 2013, p. 19). Cognitive load-related approaches to interpreting are important in Interpreting Studies for the following reasons:

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  1. they contribute to a better understanding of bilingual language and cognitive processing,
  2. the skills and strategies used by interpreters to cope with cognitive load are core components of interpreting competence,
  3. cognitive load can be helpful in interpreter training, as the difficulty of an interpreting task and the required cognitive load are closely connected (Chen, 2017).
 

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Table 1.4 Variables related to the interpreting task, the setting, and the interpreter, determining cognitive load
Task
Setting (environment)
Interpreter
Interpreting mode
Language pair
Direction
SL speech
SL speaker
Expected response
Time on task
Preparation
Task criticality
Task novelty
Physical environment/ conditions
Visibility of speaker/ audience
Equipment
Cognitive abilities
Motivation
Experience
Activation level
Source: Chen (2017)
 

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Seeber (2011) was inspired by Gile’s Effort Models to devise his Cognitive Load Model (CLM). It was originally created to describe simultaneous interpreting, with the aim of introducing the construct of cognitive load into Interpreting Studies. According to the model, the concurrent tasks of simultaneous interpreting include the following from the perspective of cognitive load:

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Perceptual-auditory-verbal processing of input and output,

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Cognitive-verbal processing of input and output,

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Verbal-response processing of output,

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Interference, and

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Storage.
 

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Bóna and Bakti (2020) adapted Seeber’s model to sight translation and consecutive interpreting as well (Table 1.5).
 

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Table 1.5 Cognitive load in SI, CI and ST
Simultaneous Interpreting
Consecutive Interpreting
Sight Translation
Perceptual-auditory-verbal processing of input and output
 
First Phase
Perceptual-auditory-verbal processing of input
Second phase
Perceptual-visual-verbal processing of input [NOTES] and output
Perceptual-auditory-verbal processing of output
Perceptual-visual-verbal processing of input and output
Cognitive-verbal processing of input and output
First phase
Cognitive-verbal processing of input
Second phase
Cognitive-verbal processing of input [NOTES] and output
Cognitive-verbal processing of input and output
Verbal-response processing of output
Second phase
Verbal-response processing of output
Verbal-response processing of output
Interference
Second phase
Interference
Interference
Storage
First phase
Storage
Second phase
Storage
Storage
Source: Based on Seeber (2011) and Bóna & Bakti (2020).
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