The solutions contained in Articles 12 and 13 of the Special Act enabled refugees to use accommodation arranged either by public administration bodies or private entities. A report resulting from interviews conducted with refugees staying in Poland in November 2022 shows that 14% were accommodated in collective facilities, 19% with private entities and as many as 50% rented the premises themselves (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2022, p. 4). According to another survey, 9% of refugees found accommodation in halls or stadiums, 11% in hotels (free of charge), 18% with a Polish family (free of charge), 19% with Ukrainians (free of charge), 33% rented accommodation themselves and 10% indicated other means of accommodation (National Bank of Poland, 2022, p. 20). As these figures suggest, a significant proportion of refugees made efforts to secure accommodation on their own under market conditions. However, they were not left without systemic support. This assistance can be considered on two levels. Firstly, the legislator adapted some of the existing institutions to the situation in which Ukrainian citizens found themselves. The modification of reciprocal obligations in the case of a loan for use contract (Article 68 of the Special Act) has already been mentioned earlier in this paper. The obligations of the tenant when concluding an occasional lease contract have also been modified.1 According to Article 69 of the Special Act, under the normal rules, tenants must undertake to vacate the premises at the end of the contract, but are not obliged to identify other premises in which to live in the event of eviction, and do not have to provide a declaration from the owner of those premises that they agree to the tenants’ living there. Consequently, refugees are not required to meet the difficult conditions for concluding an occasional lease contract, and the landlord still has the possibility to carry out an eviction under simplified rules (without having to obtain a court decision). Secondly, Ukrainian citizens were provided with social assistance to the same extent as Polish citizens. Pursuant to Article 29(1) of the Special Act, persons who, in the light of the Special Act, are legally resident in Poland and have been entered in the PESEL register may receive monetary and non-monetary benefits in accordance with the principles and procedure of the Act of March 12, 2004 on social assistance. In practice, as the statistics for 2022 show, refugees were most often beneficiaries of periodic and permanent benefits, which they could use for housing fees,2 and also—although this applies to a much smaller group of people—benefited from the possibility of staying in social welfare homes (Statistics Poland, 2023b, p. 4). In addition, on the basis of Article 26 of the Special Act, Ukrainian citizens can apply for family and child benefits. Moreover, it is not ruled out that refugees benefit—if they meet the requirements set out therein—from rights under other laws as well. It is pointed out in the doctrine in this context that they may apply for a housing allowance referred to in the Act of June 21, 2001 on housing allowances (Bończak-Kucharczyk, 2022).