The Russian aggression against Ukraine forced millions of Ukrainian people, feeling hostility or being directly affected by its consequences, to seek refuge in Poland. A special group among them have been children, who arrived in Polish territories either with their caregivers (parent or institutional caregivers) or alone. The spontaneous initial exodus from Ukraine, as well as the subsequent migration of Ukrainians, made it difficult to specify the number of Ukrainian children who began to permanently reside in Poland. According to estimates by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, by 2 May 2022, 3.097 million refugees from Ukraine had arrived in Poland, 43.3% of whom were children under 17 years of age (UNHCR, 2022). UNICEF estimates in June 2022 show that the proportion of children among those arriving in Poland from Ukraine was as high as 50% (Krawczak, 2022). By November 2023, i.e. 20 months after the outbreak of war, 293,229 children of school age (up to the age of 18) were registered under the PESEL number.1 This is approximately the number of refugee children who have settled in Poland, or, in any case, whose guardians have applied for them to become permanent legal residents in Poland. This is a significant number of children, and their arrival created a serious commitment on the part of the Polish authorities, undertaken with unequivocal public support. The enormous assistance spontaneously provided by Poles in the first months of the Ukrainian exodus—consisting of personal benefits, material support and the provision of shelter in their own homes on a massive scale—could not replace the systemic actions of the state to provide protection and care for those who usually suffer quietly but most painfully during the war, namely children.