Figure 1 presents the national rankings of 16 pre-selected potential sources of perceived security threats, from which respondents in the 2023 survey could select a maximum of three. Unsurprisingly, all countries identified the Russian–Ukrainian war as the most likely perceived threat (46% in Hungary and Poland, respectively; 43% in Romania, 40% in Slovakia, and 39% in Czechia). However, it is important to distinguish this notion of a threatening war from other polled concepts. The perception of Russia as a military threat is the most important factor in this regard: results varied widely from 15% in Hungary up to 44% in Poland (21% in Slovakia, 23% in Czechia, 32% in Romania). In terms of non-military threats, Romania and Hungary primarily showed economic vulnerability, while Slovakia, Czechia, and Hungary experienced uncontrolled migration. The Hungarian public has demonstrated a notable fear of gas dependence (26.5%), rising Chinese influence (21.5%), and climate change (18%). Meanwhile, 20.5% of Poles expressed concern about cyberattacks, 18% of Romanian respondents expressed fear of organized crime, and 19.5% of Slovakians identified the growing reliance of NATO on the U.S. as a problem.