To the Polish authorities the arrival of refugee children has also posed the problem of securing their basic living needs. Most of the former guardians of the children arrived under the influence of a sudden decision, often without financial means, bare necessities, such as clothing, or even basic hygiene products. Therefore, the Special Act (Article 12) provided for emergency assistance, coordinated by the voivods. Refugees from Ukraine also received a one-off allowance of PLN 300 per person. However, the most important support for children became the so-called ‘500+’ benefit. This is an allowance that has functioned in the Polish legal system since 2016, according to the Act of 11 February 2016 on state assistance in raising children, in the amount of PLN 500 (approximately EUR 120) paid for each child under the age of 18. As of 1 January 2024, the allowance was renamed ‘800+’, with an increase in the amount payable to each child—it is now PLN 800 (approximately EUR 180). Under Article 26(1)(2) of the Special Act, persons enjoying temporary protection (and registered in Polish official system as people with PESEL number with extension UKR), if they live with children on the territory of the Republic of Poland, they are entitled to receiving this child benefit from 24 February 2022. As was mentioned, from 1 July 2024 the child to be granted must, if required by law, fulfil the obligation to compulsory education in a school belonging to the Polish educational system. The purpose of the child care benefit is to partially cover expenses related to raising children, including caring for them and satisfying their basic needs. This type of assistance is used in Poland by the largest group of refugees: in 2022 PLN 1.737 million (EUR 386 million) were spent on child care benefits, intended for 29,800 Ukrainian children (Statistics Poland, 2023).